Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MAMMOGRAPHY REGISTRATION > TEST > Flashcards

TEST Flashcards

1
Q

Consent given in writing is known as what type of consent?

A

written consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Consent given verbally is known as ?

A

oral consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Consent signed at the time of admission to a hospital or health care setting is known as ?

A

general consent or authorization for treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Consent assumed in an emergency situation where the patient is unable to make a decision is known as?

A

implied consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Consent assumed by nonverbal cues, such as nodding is known as what kind of consent ?

A

expressed consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of information is collected from the patient and can bee seen, heard or felt ?

A

objective data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of data are factors perceived by the affected individual only?

A

subjective data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of questions should be used when talking to a patient to get more information from them ?

A

open ended questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The biggest risk factor for breast cancer is ?

a. a family history of breast cancer
b. a personal history of breast cancer
c. gender
d. not breastfeeding

A

Gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

One of the minor risk factors for breast cancer could be ?

a. gender
b. aging
c. genetic risk factors
d. not breastfeeding

A

not breastfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the approximate risk of developing breast cancer for a woman whose sister has the disease ?

a. higher than normal risk
b. no significant change in risk
c. lower than normal risk
d. none of the above

A

higher than normal risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A woman with the greatest risk of developing breast cancer is ?

a. age 30 years or below
b. above age 50 years
c. between ages 30 to 40 years
d. above age 20 but below age 30 years

A

above age 50 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symptoms of a possible breast disease that will not be demonstrated in the mammogram may include ?

a. nipple discharge
b. skin thickening
c. circumscribed tumors
d. stellate lesions

A

nipple discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of very early DCIS may include?

a. skin thickening
b. nipple discharge
c. macrocalcifications
d. none of the above

A

none of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Skin thickening can be malignant but could also be cause by non-malignant factors such as ?

a. esophageal metastases
b. bronchial cancer
c. Hodgkin disease
d. sarcoidosis

A

sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Risk factors associated with taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) include ?

a. early menopause
b. late menopause
c. increased risks for birth defects
d. increased risks for breast cancer

A

increase risks for breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The ACS recommends that

a. women older than 40 years should have a yearly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
b. women younger than 40 years should have screening mammography every year
c. new masses or lumps in the breast should be checked by a health are provider
d. women between ages 20 and 39 years should have a CBE every year

A

new masses or lumps in the breast should be checked by a health care provider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A health care provider should evaluate which of the following breast changes?

a. lumps or swelling
2. skin irritation or dimpling
3. milky discharge from the nipple

A

skin irritation or dimpling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is necessary for the technologist to document which of the following?

a. edema
b. dimpling of the skin
c. pain
d. all of the above

A

all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pre-examination instructions that can be given to the patient include

a. remove all clothing from the waist down
b. remove deodorant
c. remove panties
d. A and B

A

remove deodorant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Benefits of communication with your patient include

a. helps identify sensitive breast and the reason for the sensitivity
b. educates the patient
c. reveals fears and misconceptions
d. all of the above

A

all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In developing patient rapport, the technologist should strive to enhance the patients self-esteem. This means that the technologist should

a. reflect the patients emotions to show understanding
b. agree unconditionally with anything the patient says
c. say “I understand” to any comment the patient makes
d. offer reassurance and encouragement if the patient is confused or unable l to help herself

A

offer reassurance and encouragement if the patient is confused or unable l to help herself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The two-step method of BSE is to

a. look and feel for changes in the breast
b. examine the breasts and undergo regular mammography
c. check for lumps in the breast and keep a journal of changes in the breast
d. examine the breasts and nipples

A

look and feel for changes in the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When visually inspecting the breast, the changes that should be recorded include

  1. changes in breast size and shape
  2. changes in texture or color of the breasts
  3. indentations of the skin of the breast

a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1,2,3

A

1,2,3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The patients medical history and documentation will

  1. Provide the radiologist with information on the patients risk factors for breast cancer
  2. give the radiologist information about general symptoms of breast cancer
  3. provide information about possible benign breast conditions of the patient

a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1,2,3

A

1 and 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Stressing the importance of the BSE can be controversial because

a. BSE tends to detect only benign breast cancer
b. BSE will help in the detection of malignant breast conditions
c. mammography is not 100% effective
d. BSE can cause unnecessary anxiety in women

A

BSE can cause unnecessary anxiety in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which of the following are methods used in BSE?

  1. using the pads of the three middle fingers to palpate the entire breast
  2. palpating around the breast in a vertical pattern
  3. using varying degrees of pressure while palpating the breast

a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2
c. 1 and 3
d. 1,2,3

A

1,2,3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

For a menstruating woman, when is the best time of the month to perform BSE

a. 1 week before the start of menstruation
b. on the first day of the month
c. on the last day of the month
d. when the breast is least tender

A

when the breast is least tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. breast cancer death rates in the US are going down
  2. breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the US
  3. The second leading cause of cancer related deaths among women in the US is breast cancer

a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1,2,3

A

1 and 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Postmenopausal obesity is associated with?

a. a relatively high risk of developing breast cancer
b. overall reduction in breast cancer risks
c. circulating estrogen that is produced in fatty tissue
d. a lower overall estrogen level

A

circulating estrogen that is produced in fatty tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In routine mammography, the glandular dose per projection is generally about

a. 1-2 mGy (0.1-0.2 rad)
b. 10-20 mGy (1.0-2.0 rad)
c. 0.1-0.2 mGy (0.01-0.02 rad)
d. 2-3 mGy (0.2-0.3 rad)

A

1-2 mGy (0.1-0.2 rad)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which age group is likely to get the most radiation dose during mammography?

a. 20 to 35 years
b. 40 to 50 years
c. 55 to 60 years
d. above 70 years

A

20 to 35 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the 5-year survival rate for a patient with stage 0 breast cancer is about

a. 22%
b. 72%
c. 93%
d. 100%

A

100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

During mammography, which of the following will affect the average glandular dose per breast?

  1. degree of breast compression
  2. the half value layer of the x-ray beam
  3. breast size and composition

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1,2,3

A

1,2,3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Patients who are allowed to play an active role in applying compression are usually

  1. less likely to tolerate the compression
  2. more likely to tolerate the compression
  3. more relaxed during the compression

a. 1
b. 2
c. 1 and 3
d. 2 and 3

A

2 and 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

In breast imaging, the dose calculation is based on

a. the entrance skin dose
b. dose absorbed b the glandular tissue of the breast
c. the average skin dose
d. chest wall radiation dose

A

dose absorbed b the glandular tissue of the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the purpose of requesting the patient to provide prior mammograms before starting the mammogram examination

a. to see if the patient has breast cancer
b. to assess the exposure technique
c. to provide the radiologist with an additional aid
d. to verify the correct patient

A

to provide the radiologist with an additional aid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The age of women taking HRT is likely to be

a. under 40 years
b. 25 to 35 years
c. over 40 years
d. under 20 years

A

over 40 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The term primipara refers to a woman who

a. has had multiple pregnancies
b. was pregnant once but lost the baby at 6 weeks
c. carried a pregnancy to over 20 weeks but had a still birth
d. was never pregnant

A

carried a pregnancy to over 20 weeks but had a still birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

In mammography, information included on the medical history documentation includes which of the following as they relate to the breast?

  1. patients history of trauma
  2. history of surgery
  3. unusual skin condition

a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1,2,3

A

1,2,3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

All of the following are forms of subjective patient data excepts

a. patient has a palpable lump in the right breast
b. patient complains of severe pain during breast compression
c. the mood or demeanor of the patients
d. patients complaints of pain and tenderness in the left breast

A

patient has a palpable lump in the right breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

When questioning a patient to obtain an accurate patient history

a. keep questions general in nature so as not to offend the patient
b. start with open-ended questions and then follow up with more direct inquires
c. do not let the patient talk too much in order to keep the examination moving
d. use medical jargon to impress the patients with your expertise

A

start with open-ended questions and then follow up with more direct inquires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which of the following are positive questioning skills that the radiographer can use when verifying the accuracy of patient information?

a. leading questions
b. open-ended questions
c. repeating information
d. facilitation

A

repeating information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the purpose of probing questions used when interviewing patients?

a. clarifies information by asking for specific details
b. gives the patient time to remember details
c. allows the patient time to tell his or her story
d. summarizes the accuracy of the information

A

clarifies information by asking for specific details

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

In fathering more information on a patients complain of pain, a good probing question to ask would be

a. how would you describe the pain?
b. when did the pain first occur?
c. if the pain comes and goes, how often does it occur, and what is the time span between occurrences?
d. all of the above are good questions to ask

A

if the pain comes and goes, how often does it occur, and what is the time span between occurrences?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

There are two types of data collection processes. If your patient says he or she has a bruise on the left breast this information is regarded as

a. objective
b. subjective
c. open-ended scenario
d. probing

A

objective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

When questioning your patient what is the purpose of the repetition?

a. to give the patient time to remember details
b. to get more detail
c. to summarize
d. to allow the patient to tell his or her story

A

to summarize

48
Q

“Where is your pain? is an example of

a. a probing question
b. repetition
c. summarization
d. an open-ended question

A

an open-ended question

49
Q

Which of the following will not result in increased breast cancer?

a. having a mother who took diethylstilbestrol (DES) while pregnant
b. having a first child before age 30 years
c. history of Hodgkin lymphoma
d. menarche at age 10 years

A

having a first child before age 30 years

50
Q

An informed consent is required before performing which of the following examinations

a. ultrasonography
b. mammography
c. fine needle biopsy (FNB)
d. MRI

A

fine needle biopsy (FNB)

51
Q

Phone consent is an example of

a. written consent
b. oral consent
c. implied consent
d. expressed consent

A

oral consent

52
Q

The patient has to sign an informed consent

  1. when there are significant risks associated with the procedure or test
  2. for all diagnostic examinations in the imaging department
  3. if the procedure is invasive

a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1,2,3

A

1 and 3

53
Q

Which kind of consent is binding but difficult to prove?

a. oral
b. written
c. implied
d. printed

A

oral

54
Q

Which of the following is not required information that must be included on any informed consent?

a. name of the procedure
b. risks and benefits of the procedure
c. patient height and weight
d. possible alternative procedure

A

patient height and weight

55
Q

Methods of acknowledging the patient and treating the patient courteously can include all of the following except?

a. using greetings (good morning, good afternoon)
b. avoiding eye contact
c. giving your full attention
d. introducing yourself

A

avoiding eye contact

56
Q

Two disadvantages of mammography screening include

  1. the granularity of the breast can impact visualization of cancers
  2. mammography will not image all cancers
  3. the radiation dose from mammography is dangerous

a. 1 and 3
b. 1 and 2
c. 2 and 3

A

1 and 2

57
Q

The glandular dose is

a. received on the skin of the breast
b. the significant background dose recorded by ultrasonography
c. associated with dose to the radiosensitive cells of the breast
d. a record of the dose to the gonads

A

associated with dose to the radiosensitive cells of the breast

58
Q

Having a dense breast will

a. increase the risk of breast cancer
b. reduce the risk of breast cancer
c. result in breast cancer
d. help combat breast cancer

A

increase the risk of breast cancer

59
Q

The technologist should review the previous mammography report to

a. verify the physicians signature
b. verify the technologists initials
c. provide the radiologist an additional aid
d. confirm the type of exam (screen or diagnostic ) needed

A

confirm the type of exam (screen or diagnostic ) needed

60
Q

Why should the patient remove deodorant before mammography?

a. deodorant can mimic malignant calcifications
b. deodorant causes breast cancer
c. deodorant blocks the lymph nodes and allows the spread of cancer
d. technologists have difficult positioning patients who are wearing deodorant

A

deodorant can mimic malignant calcifications

61
Q

Risk factors that are outside of a woman’s control such as gender and age are known as ?

A

major risk factors

62
Q

Risk factors that are related to environment and personal choices are known as

A

minor risk factors

63
Q

True or False

Breast cancer is much more common among women than among men?

A

true

64
Q

Anything that increases a persons chances of getting a disease is called a ___ ____

A

risk factor

65
Q

A women’s chances of getting breast cancer ____ if they have a close blood relative with the disease

A

increases

66
Q

A woman’s risk of developing breast cancer ___ with age

A

increases

67
Q

At age 30 years, a woman has a ___ % risk of developing breast cancer

A

0.44% (1 in 227)

68
Q

At age 40 years, a woman has a ___ % risk of developing breast cancer

A

0.47% (1 in 68)

69
Q

At age 50 years, a woman has a ___ % risk of developing breast cancer

A

2.38% (1 in 42)

70
Q

At age 60 years, a woman has a ___ % risk of developing breast cancer

A

3.56% (1 in 28)

71
Q

At age 70 years, a woman has a ___ % risk of developing breast cancer

A

3.82% (1 in 26)

72
Q

True or False

Most nipple discharge are not indicative of cancer

A

true

73
Q

What are normal nipple discharge colors

A

clear, milky, yellow, green

74
Q

Nipple discharge becomes concerning if it is what color

A

red (blood tinged)

75
Q

What other tests can be done to determine the cause of nipple discharge

A

ultrasound, ductography, galactography

76
Q

What type of cancer is seen on a mammogram as clusters of microcalcifications

A

DCIS ( ductal carcinoma in situ)

77
Q

What are 5 signs of breast cancer

A
  1. lumps
  2. skin thickening
  3. puckering or dimpling
  4. inverted nipples
  5. nipple discharge
78
Q

Remnants of deodorant can appear a ____ on the mammogram

A

microcalcifications

79
Q

What patterns can be used for a BSE

A

up and down (verticle)
circular
wedge

80
Q

Why has the ACS suggested no longer doing BSE

A

because they raise anxiety and increase biopsies, but do not reduce death rates

81
Q

How many different levels of pressure are recommended when examining the breast

A

3

light
medium
firm

82
Q

___ pressure is used to feel the tissues closest to the skin

A

light

83
Q

___ pressure is used to feel the tissue closest to the chest wall and ribs

A

firm

84
Q

The up and down method of examining the breast is also referred to as the ____ pattern

A

vertical

85
Q

What is the most effective pattern for covering the entire breast without missing any breast tissue

A

vertical/up and down

86
Q

What portion of the hand is most sensitive and should be used for BSE

A

the pads of the three middle fingers

87
Q

___ motion should be used when doing a BSE

A

circular

88
Q

The patient should perform BSE ___ to ___ days after the start of her period or when the breasts are not tender or swollen

A

5-10

89
Q

What is the second most common cancer among women in the US?

A

breast cancer

90
Q

What is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women?

A

breast cancer

91
Q

What is the leading cause of cancer related death among women in the US ?

A

lung cancer

92
Q

The decrease in the incidence of breast cancer is thought to be related to the reduced use of what?

A

hormone replacement therapy

93
Q

The decrease in breast cancer death is through to be a result of what 3 things ?

A
  1. advanced treatment options
  2. earlier detection
  3. increased awareness
94
Q

Weight gain is associated with increase ___, which in turn increases breast cancer risks

A

estrogen

95
Q

The ACR recommends that the average glandular dose on mammography be no greater than ____ with a grid or ____ without a grid

A

3mGy (0.3 rad or 300 mrad)

1mGy (0.1 rad or 100 mrad)

96
Q

What does ACR stands for

A

American College of Radiology

97
Q

Cancer that is still contained within the duct or lobule is called ____and is stage ___

A

carcinoma in situ

stage 0

98
Q

What are the 4 major factors affecting dose?

A
  1. the imaging chain
  2. the x-ray beam energy
  3. the compression
  4. the patients breast composition and thickness
99
Q

Imaging conditions including the type of mammography unit are referred to as the ___ ____

A

imaging chain

100
Q

The higher the peak kVp and HVL the ___ the patient dose

A

lower

101
Q

Greater compression will result in ___ exposure and therefore ____ dose

A

decreased

decreased

102
Q

Denser glandular breast requires ___ exposure compared with fattier breast

A

more

103
Q

The radiation dose in mammography is calculated on

A

the basis of the average dose to the interior of the breast

104
Q

In mammography, compared with the skin dose, the glandular dose is very low because the dose does what

A

falls off rapidly as the low photon energy beam penetrates the breast

105
Q

The entrance skin exposure (ESE) for a typical single exposure is ___ to ___

A

800 to 1200 mrad (812mGy)

106
Q

The glandular dose during a typical single exposure is

A

100 mrad (1.0mGy)

107
Q

The ACR recommends what exposure for a single exposure with and without a grid ?

A
  1. 3 rad (300 mrad or 3 mGy) with grid

0. 1 rad (100 mrad or 1 mGy) without a grid

108
Q

What does the term nullipara mean

A

a woman who has never borne a hild or carried a fetus to the point of viability

109
Q

____ is thought to have a protective effect against breast cancer

A

pregnancy

110
Q

Starting menstruation early, before age ___ is considered to increase the risk of breast cancer

A

12

111
Q

____ was used to prevent miscarriages during 1940-1971

A

DES

112
Q

Why do women who have had treatment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma have an increased risk of breast cancer

A

the treatment often requires radiation to the chest area

113
Q

Who regulates the glandular dose

A

MQSA

114
Q

Most patient dose reports in radiology involve a fact check of the ___ ____ ____ only

A

ESE (entrance skin exposure)

115
Q

What dose is the dose of choice when calculating radiation doses associated with mammography

A

glandular dose

116
Q

Women with dense breast tissue face a ___ risk of missed breast cancer

A

higher

117
Q

Why does deodorant show up on mammography

A

Mammography uses low dose radiation. Deodorant contains aluminum or other metallic elements that aren’t easily penetrated by the low peak kVp

MAMMOGRAPHY REGISTRATION (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions