TEST Flashcards
<p>Splenius Cervicis ORIGIN</p>
<p>SPs T3-T6</p>
<p>Splenius Cervicis INSERTION</p>
<p>TPs C1-C3</p>
<p>Slenius Capitis ORIGIN</p>
<p>Inferior 1/2 of Ligamentum Nuchae</p>
<p>SPs C7-T4</p>
<p>Splenius Capitis INSERTION</p>
<p>Mastoid Process</p>
<p>Lateral portion of superior nuchal line</p>
<p>ACTION of Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis</p>
<p>Unilaterally - Rotate the head and neck to the same side</p>
<p>AND Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side</p>
<p>Bilaterally - Extend the head and neck</p>
<p>SCM ORIGIN</p>
<p>STERNAL HEAD:</p>
<p>Top of Manubrium</p>
<p>CLAVICULAR HEAD:</p>
<p>Medial 1/3 of clavicle</p>
<p></p>
<p>SCM INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Both heads:Mastoid Process of temporal bone and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput</p>
<p></p>
<p>ACTION of SCM</p>
<p></p>
<p>UNILATERALLY: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side AND rotate the head and neck to the opposite sideBILATERALLY: Flex the neck AND assist to elevate the rib cage during inhalation</p>
<p></p>
<p>Levator Scapula ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>TPs C1-C4</p>
<p></p>
<p>Levator Scapula- INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Medial border of scapula between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>ACTION of Levator scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>UNILATERALLY: - Elevate the scapula- Downwardly rotate the scapula- Laterally flex the head and neck to the same sideBILATERALLY: Extend the head and neck</p>
<p></p>
<p>Trapezius ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>- EOP - Medial superior Nuchal line of occiput- ligamentum nuchae - SPs C7-T12</p>
<p></p>
<p>Trapezius INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Lateral 1/3 of clavicle - Acromion - Spine of Scapula- Tubercle of spine of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>UPPER Trapezius ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extend head and neckLaterally flex head and neck to the same sideRotate head and neck to opposite sideElevate the scapula Upward rotation of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>MIDDLE Trapezius ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Adduct the scapula Stabilize scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>LOWER Trapezius ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Depress scapulaUpward rotation of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>Rhomboids MAJOR - ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>SPs T2-T5</p>
<p></p>
<p>Rhomboids Minor - ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>SPs C7-T1</p>
<p></p>
<p>Rhomboids Major - INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Medial border of scapula between the spine of scapula and inferior angle</p>
<p></p>
<p>Rhomboids Minor - INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Upper portion of medial border of scapula across from spine of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>Rhomboids Major & Minor - ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Adduct the scapula- Elevate the scapula- Downward rotation of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>What is the definition of NMT?</p>
<p></p>
<p>A system of bodywork that affects muscle tone through sensory feedback in order to treat soft tissue pain and dysfunction</p>
<p></p>
<p>What three techniques are used during NMT?</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Gliding- Friction- Static/Ischemic compression to individual muscles</p>
<p></p>
<p>What is ISCHEMIA?</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Local decrease in blood supply- A state in which the current O2 supply is inadequate for the current physiological needs of the tissue</p>
<p></p>
<p>What is Hypertonicity?</p>
<p></p>
<p>Greater than normal muscle tone</p>
<p></p>
<p>What are Trigger Points?</p>
<p></p>
<p>A localized area of deep tenderness that MAY produce referred pain - often in a PREDICTABLE area when overloaded or under direct digital pressure</p>
<p></p>
<p>What is a TAUGHT BAND?</p>
<p></p>
<p>The group of taught muscle fibers associated with a myofascial triggerpoint - identifiable by palpation</p>
<p></p>
<p>What is POSTURAL DISTORTION?</p>
<p></p>
<p>The result of imbalance in the musculoskeletal system caused by hypertonicity and gravity. This can cause shortened or lengthened muscles</p>
<p></p>
<p>Postural Analysis</p>
<p></p>
<p>Muscles can be identified as LOCKED SHORT or LOCKED LONG based on posture. Therapists can then treat the LOCKED SHORT muscles as a means of balancing posture</p>
<p></p>
<p>Nerve entrapment</p>
<p></p>
<p>Constriction or mechanical distortion of a nerve within a fibrous, fibrocartilage-osseous tunnel or taught band which in turn interferes with nerve conduction</p>
<p></p>
<p>Difference between Swedish Massage and NMT</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Swedish Massage has a goal of RELAXATION - NMT has a goal of PAIN RELIEF</p>
<p></p>
<p>What is PALPATION</p>
<p></p>
<p>To assess the body through touch</p>
<p></p>
<p>What do we palpate?</p>
<p></p>
<p>Specific individual muscles</p>
<p></p>
<p>What are we feeling for during palpation</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Hypertonicity- Reaction- Trigger Points</p>
<p></p>
<p>How much pressure should you use to find trigger points?</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Just enough to elicit a referred sensation- Use a scale of 1-10 aiming for 7</p>
<p></p>
<p>What is the PROTOCOL for NMT technique</p>
<p></p>
<p>ASSESS - Evaluate what they are saying and how they are walking and holding themselves (posture)GENERAL GLIDE - warm up the muscle region with effleurage SPECIFIC GLIDE - STATIC PRESSURE / TRIGGER POINT RELEASE - use the “wave” to SLOWLY stretch the myofascial tissue until you find a point of pain then use STATIC PRESSURE and a pain scale until you reach 7Ask if you can use more pressure?Have the client BREATH deep for 10-12 seconds. Re-evaluate pain scaleTreat twice</p>
<p></p>
<p>O. I. A. R. stands for</p>
<p></p>
<p>ORIGININSERTION ACTIONR = Functional Anatomy - Related muscles and structures</p>
<p></p>
<p>How you should define the pain scale (don’t call it a pain scale to the client)</p>
<p></p>
<p>Less than 5: I definitely need more pressure 5: that feels good. No discomfort 6: mild discomfort 7: moderate discomfort 7.5: strong sensation but no impulse to withdraw 8: impulse to withdraw, pain, inability to relax into the technique</p>
<p></p>
<p>Deltoids ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Lateral 1/3 clavicle - Acromion - Spine of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>Deltoids INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Deltoid Tuberosity</p>
<p></p>
<p>Deltoids ACTION ANTERIOR Fibers</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Flex shoulder- Medially rotate- Horizontally Adduct</p>
<p></p>
<p>Deltoid ACTIONALL Fibers</p>
<p></p>
<p>Abduct shoulder</p>
<p></p>
<p>Deltoid Action POSTERIOR Fibers</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Extend shoulder- Laterally rotate shoulder- Horizontally abduct</p>
<p></p>
<p>Triceps Brachii ORIGIN Long head</p>
<p></p>
<p>Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>Triceps Brachii</p>
<p>ORIGIN</p>
<p>LATERAL HEAD</p>
<p></p>
<p>Posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>Triceps Brachii ORIGIN</p>
<p>MEDIAL HEAD</p>
<p></p>
<p>Posterior surface of distal 1/2 of the humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>Triceps Brachii INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Olecranon process of ulna</p>
<p></p>
<p>Triceps Brachii ACTION ALL HEADS</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extend the shoulder</p>
<p></p>
<p>Triceps Brachii ACTIONS LONG HEAD</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Extend the shoulder - Adduct the shoulder</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor carpi radialis LONGUS ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Distal 1/3 of lateral supercondylar ridge of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor carpi radialis BREVIS ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor carpi radialis LONGUS INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Base of 2nd metacarpal</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor carpi radialis BREVIS INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Base of 3rd metacarpal</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor carpi radialis LONGUS AND BREVIS ACTIONS</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Extend the wrist- Abduct the wrist</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor Carpi Ulnaris ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor carpi ulnaris INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Base of 5th metacarpal</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor carpi ulnaris ACTIONS</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Extend the wrist- Adduct the wrist</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor digitorum ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor digitorum INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Bases of middle and distal phalanges of 2-5 fingers</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extensor Digitorum ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Extend 2-5 fingers</p>
<p></p>
<p>Flexor Carpi Radialis ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>Flexor Carpi Radialis INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals</p>
<p></p>
<p>Flexor Carpi Radialis ACTIONS</p>
<p></p>
<p>- FLEX the wrist</p>
<p>- ABDUCT the wrist</p>
<p></p>
<p>Palmaris Longus ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>Palmaris Longus INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Flexor Retinaculum and palmaris aponeurosis</p>
<p></p>
<p>Palmaris Longus ACTIONS</p>
<p></p>
<p>TENSE the palmar fascia</p>
<p>FLEX the wrist</p>
<p></p>
<p>Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ORIGIN</p>
<p>HUMERAL HEAD</p>
<p></p>
<p>Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ORIGIN ULNAR HEAD</p>
<p></p>
<p>Posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna</p>
<p></p>
<p>Flexor Carpi Ulnaris INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>- Pisiform</p>
<p>- Hook of the Hamate</p>
<p>- Base of 5th metacarpal</p>
<p></p>
<p>Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ACTIONS</p>
<p></p>
<p>- FLEX the wrist</p>
<p>- ADDUCT the wrist</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUPRASPINATUS ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Supraspinous Fossa of the scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUPRASPINATUS INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Greater tubercle of Humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUPRASPINATUS ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>ADDUCT the shoulder</p>
<p>Stabilize the humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>INFRASPINATUS ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Infraspinous Fossa of the scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>INFRASPINATUS INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Greater tubercle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>INFRASPINATUS ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Laterally rotate the shoulder</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUBSCAPULARIS ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Subscapularis fossa of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUBSCAPULARIS INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Lesser tubercle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUPSCAPULARIS ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Medially rotate the shoulder</p>
<p>Stabilize the humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUPRASPINATUS ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Supraspinous Fossa of the scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUPRASPINATUS INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Greater tubercle of Humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUPRASPINATUS ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>ADDUCT the shoulder</p>
<p>Stabilize the humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>INFRASPINATUS ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Infraspinous Fossa of the scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>INFRASPINATUS INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Greater tubercle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>INFRASPINATUS ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Laterally rotate the shoulder</p>
<p></p>
<p>TERES MINOR ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>TERES MINOR INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Greater tubercle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>TERES MINOR ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Laterally rotate the shoulder</p>
<p>ADDUCT the shoulder</p>
<p>Stabilize the head of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUBSCAPULARIS ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Subscapularis fossa of scapula</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUBSCAPULARIS INSERTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Lesser tubercle of humerus</p>
<p></p>
<p>SUPSCAPULARIS ACTION</p>
<p></p>
<p>Medially rotate the shoulder</p>
<p>Stabilize the humerus</p>
<p>Teres Major ORIGIN</p>
<p>Inferior Angle and</p>
<p>lower 1/3 of the lateral border of scapula</p>
<p>Teres Major INSERTION</p>
<p>Crest of the lesser tubercle of humerus - medial lip</p>
<p>Teres Major Action</p>
<p>Extend the shoulder</p>
<p>Adduct the shoulder</p>
<p>Medially rotate the shoulder</p>
<p>Latissimus Dorsi ORIGIN</p>
<p>Inferior angle of scapula</p>
<p>SPs of last 6 thoracic vertebrae</p>
<p>Last 3-4 ribs</p>
<p>Latissimus Dorsi INSERTION</p>
<p>Intertubercular Groove of humerus</p>
<p>Latissimus Dorsi ACTION</p>
<p>Extend the shoulder</p>
<p>Adduct the shoulder</p>
<p>Medially rotate the shoulder</p>
<p>Pectoralis Major ORIGIN</p>
<p>Medial 1/2 of clavicle</p>
<p>Sternum</p>
<p>Cartilage of ribs 1-6</p>
<p>Pectoralis Major INSERTION</p>
<p>Crest of greater tubercle of humerus</p>
<p>Pectoralis Major ACTION</p>
<p>ALL FIBERS:</p>
<p>Adduct shoulder</p>
<p>Medially rotate shoulder</p>
<p></p>
<p>UPPER FIBERS:</p>
<p>Flex shoulder</p>
<p>Horizontal Adduction</p>
<p></p>
<p>LOWER FIBERS:</p>
<p>Extend Shoulder</p>
<p>Pectoralis Minor ORIGIN</p>
<p>Ribs 3-5</p>
<p>Pectoralis Minor INSERTION</p>
<p>Medial surface of coracoid process of scapula</p>
<p>Pectoralis Minor ACTION</p>
<p>Depress scapula</p>
<p>Abduct scapula</p>
<p>Downwardly rotate scapula</p>
<p>Serratus Anterior INSERTION</p>
<p>Anterior surface of medial border of scapula</p>
<p>Serratus Anterior ACTION</p>
<p>Abduct scapula</p>
<p>Upwardly rotate scapula</p>
<p>Depress scapula</p>
<p>Hold the medial border of scapula against rib cage</p>
<p>Quadratur Lumbotum ORIGIN</p>
<p>Last rib</p>
<p>TPs of lumbar vertebrae 1-4</p>
<p>Quadratus Lumborum INSERTION</p>
<p>Internal lip of posterior iliac crest</p>
<p>Quadratus Lumborum ACTION</p>
<p>Unilaterally:</p>
<p>Lateral tilt of pelvis (elevation)</p>
<p>Lateral flex of vertebral column to the same side</p>
<p>Assist to extend the vertebral column</p>
<p></p>
<p>Bilaterally:</p>
<p>Fix the last rib during forced inhalation/exhalation</p>
<p>Gluteus Maximus ORIGIN</p>
<p>Coccyx</p>
<p>Edge of sacrum</p>
<p>Posterior iliac crest</p>
<p>Sacrotuberous</p>
<p>Sacroiliac ligaments</p>
<p>Gluteus Maximus INSERTION</p>
<p>Upper fibers:</p>
<p>IT band</p>
<p>Lower fibers:</p>
<p>Gluteal Tuberosity</p>
<p>Gluteus Maximus ACTION</p>
<p>ALL FIBERS:</p>
<p>Extend hip</p>
<p>Laterally rotate</p>
<p>Abduct</p>
<p></p>
<p>LOWER FIBERS:</p>
<p>Adduct</p>
<p>Gluteus Medius ORIGIN</p>
<p>Gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines below liac crest</p>
<p>Gluteus Medius INSERTION</p>
<p>Lateral aspect of greater trochanter</p>
<p>Gluteus Medius ACTION</p>
<p>ALL FIBERS:</p>
<p>Abduct hip</p>
<p></p>
<p>ANTERIOR FIBERS:</p>
<p>Flex hip</p>
<p>Medially rotate hip</p>
<p></p>
<p>POSTERIOR FIBERS:</p>
<p>Extend hip</p>
<p>Laterally rotate hip</p>
<p>Gluteus Medius ORIGIN</p>
<p>Gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines</p>
<p>Gluteus Medius INSERTION</p>
<p>Anterior aspect of greater trochanter</p>
<p>Gluteus Medius ACTION</p>
<p>Abduct</p>
<p>Medially rotate</p>
<p>Flex</p>
<p>What is the STRONGEST hip flexor</p>
<p>Gluteus Maximus</p>
<p>Gluteus Medius is also known as</p>
<p>The Deltoid of the hip</p>
<p>Piriformis ORIGIN</p>
<p>Anterior surface of sacrum</p>
<p>Piriformis INSERTION</p>
<p>SUPERIOR aspect of greater trochanter</p>
<p>Piriformis ACTION</p>
<p>Laterally rotate hip</p>
<p>Abduct hip when flexed</p>
<p></p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Biceps Femoris</p>
<p>LONG HEAD - ORIGIN</p>
<p>Ischeal tuberosity</p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Biceps Femoris</p>
<p>SHORT HEAD - ORIGIN</p>
<p>Lateral lip of the linea aspera</p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Biceps Femoris</p>
<p>BOTH HEADS - INSERTION</p>
<p>Head of Fibula</p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Biceps Femoris ACTIONS - LONG HEAD</p>
<p>Extend hip</p>
<p>Assist lateral rotation</p>
<p>Tilt pelvis posteriorly</p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Biceps Femoris ACTIONS - SHORT HEAD</p>
<p>Flex knee</p>
<p>Laterally rotate fixed knee</p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Semitendinosus ORIGIN</p>
<p>Ischial tuberosity</p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Semitendinosus INSERTION</p>
<p>Proximal, medial shaft of tibia at Pes Anserines tendon</p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Semitendinosus ACTION</p>
<p>Flex knee</p>
<p>Medially rotate flexed knee</p>
<p>Extend hip</p>
<p>Assist to medially rotate hip</p>
<p>Tilt pelvis Posteriorly</p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Semimembranosus ORIGIN</p>
<p>Ischial Tuberosity</p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Semimembranosus INSERTION</p>
<p>Posterior aspect of medal condyle of TIBIA</p>
<p>HAMSTRINGS:</p>
<p>Semimembranosus ACTION</p>
<p>Flex the knee</p>
<p>Medially rotate flexed knee</p>
<p>Extend hip</p>
<p>Assist medial rotation of hip</p>
<p>Tilt pelvis posteriorly</p>
<p>Which muscle most commonly has trigger points referring sciatic pain</p>
<p>Gluteus Minimus</p>
<p>Tensor Fascia Latae INSERTION</p>
<p>Iliotibial tract</p>
<p>Tensor Fascia Latae ORIGIN</p>
<p></p>
<p>Iliac crest, posterior to ASIS</p>
<p>Tensor Fascia Latae ACTION</p>
<p>Flex the hip</p>
<p>Medially rotate the hip</p>
<p>Abduct the hip</p>
<p>QUADS:</p>
<p>Rectus Femoris ORIGIN</p>
<p>AIIS</p>
<p>QUADS:</p>
<p>Vastus Lateralis ORIGIN</p>
<p>Lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity</p>
<p>greater trochanter</p>
<p>QUADS:</p>
<p>Vastus Medialis ORIGIN</p>
<p>Medial lip of linea aspera</p>
<p>QUADS:</p>
<p>Vastus Intermedius ORIGIN</p>
<p>Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur</p>
<p>QUADS:</p>
<p>ALL INSERTION</p>
<p>Tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament</p>
<p>QUADS:</p>
<p>ALL ACTIONS</p>
<p>Extend the knee</p>
<p>Rectus Femoris:</p>
<p>Flex the hip</p>
<p>Psoas Major ORIGIN</p>
<p>Bodies and transverse processes of lumber vertebrae</p>
<p>Psoas Major AND Iliacus ACTIONS</p>
<p>Flex the hip</p>
<p>Laterlly rotate hip</p>
<p>Flex the trunk toward the thigh</p>
<p>Tilt pelvis anteriorly</p>
<p>Iliacus ORIGIN</p>
<p>Iliac fossa</p>
<p>Psoas Major and Iliacus INSERTION</p>
<p>Lesser trochanter</p>
<p>What are the 3 Erector Spinae muscles - MEDIAL TO LATERAL</p>
<p>Spinalis</p>
<p>Longissimus</p>
<p>Iliocostalis</p>
<p>What are the 3 subsets of Spinalis</p>
<p>Spinalis CAPITIS</p>
<p>Spinalis CERVICIS</p>
<p>Spinalis THORACIS</p>
<p>What are the 3 subsets of Longissimus</p>
<p>Longissimus CAPITIS</p>
<p>Longissimus CERVICIS</p>
<p>Longissimus THORACIS</p>
<p>What are the 3 subsets of Iliocostalis</p>
<p>Iliocostalis CERVICIS</p>
<p>Iliocostalis THORACIS</p>
<p>Iliocostalis LUMBORUM</p>
<p>What does Spinalis attach to</p>
<p>SPs</p>
<p>What does Longissimus attach to</p>
<p>Ribs and TPs</p>
<p>What does Iliocostalis attach to</p>
<p>Ribs</p>
<p>Erector Spinae ACTIONS</p>
<p>Unilaterally:</p>
<p>Lateral side bending of spine and head to the same side</p>
<p></p>
<p>Bilaterally:</p>
<p>Extension of the spine</p>
<p>Which muscle is resposible for most temporal headaches</p>
<p>Trapezius</p>