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operating systems > test > Flashcards

test Flashcards

1
Q

What do shells do

A

allows user to interface with the OS

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2
Q

What do executables need?

A

OS servicces

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3
Q

How are executable performed ?

A

through system calls

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4
Q

What is a process ?

A

a program in exectuion

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5
Q

What is the address space of a process ?

A

memory locations which the process reads or writes to

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6
Q

PSW

A

Processor Status word contains control bits in CPU

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7
Q

Two modes of instructions

A

User mode = less privileged System mode = more privileged

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8
Q

What is an OS exception?

A

An abrupt change in Control flow in a response to a change in processor state

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9
Q

Exception: Interrupt

A

Signals from I/O

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10
Q

Exceptiom:Trap

A

Application request OS services

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11
Q

Exceptions:Faults

A

Recoverable error

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12
Q

Exception:Aborts

A

Not recoverable error

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13
Q

Kernel

A

Everything below the system call interface and above the physical hardware

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14
Q

What does the Kernel provide

A
  • file system, -cpu scheduling

- memory management, other os functionality

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15
Q

What does a Kernel use?

A

System calls

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16
Q

Three catagories of system calls

A

1 File management, 2 Process control, 3 Information manipulation

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17
Q

What is a zombie

A

A process whose parent has excited/not waiting

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18
Q

What do process control blocks enable

A

Allows the CPU to resume the process where it left off when switching execution

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19
Q

What are the types of scheduling queues

A

job, Ready, Device

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20
Q

CPU scheduler vs long term scheduler

A

CPU is short term long term will try to balance CPU and I/O demand

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21
Q

What happens in context switches?

A

Old process state is saved new process is loaded

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22
Q

Process creation is based around

A

parent creating children

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23
Q

What is an orphan

A

Child whose parent has terminated

24
Q

Pipes allow for communication on?

A

The same machine

25
Q

Sockets allow for communication on?

A

Separate Machines

26
Q

Error control approaches

A

Parity, CRC, Hamming

27
Q

Flow Control: Stop and wait

A

Sever waits for client ack after each message

28
Q

Flow Control: Pipeling

A

Sends ACK of next frame expected

29
Q

Flow Control: Automatic Repeat Requests

A

Goes back and rejects new frames after error and ask for bad frames

30
Q

High level data link

A

Station types. Primary controls secondary

31
Q

Threads share?

A

Process Address Space and OS state

32
Q

Two categories of thread implementation

A

User level threads and kernel level threads

33
Q

Network Adress

A

Identifies a node

34
Q

Routing

A

Forwards message to desitnation

35
Q

Most networks can be broken into . . .

A

client and server and the client initiations communication

36
Q

Network communicates data to the

A

Operating system

37
Q

Operating system communicates data to the . ..

A

socket

38
Q

Socket connects data to the

A

application

39
Q

Two types of application Process communcation

A

Data gram and Stream

40
Q

Data gram Socket

A

UDP Like post mail collection of messages connectionless

41
Q

Stream socket

A

TCP Like telephone stream of bits connection oriented

42
Q

Two types of network communication

A

Circuit switching and packet switching

43
Q

Circuit switching

A

Dedicated path between two stations

44
Q

Packet switching

A

Data transmitted in short packets that also hold control information such as destination

45
Q

Security: Spread spectrum

A

Modulate the signal such that the bandwidth is increased significantly

46
Q

Security: Frequency hoping spread spectrum

A

Sequence is seemly spread on random frequency each channel is used for fixed interval

47
Q

TSL

A

Test and lock instruction

48
Q

Synchronize clocks: Christians Algorithm

A

Ask twice for time use difference to calculate delay

49
Q

Synchronize clocks: Berkely algortihm

A

Server polls client compute average time push result to client

50
Q

Synchronize clocks: Lampert

A

Uses logical reasoning to set clocks

51
Q

Resource allocation graph

A

R_1 -> P_1 resources R held by P R

52
Q

Ostrich Algorthim for deadlocks

A

ignores them

53
Q

Detecting deadlocks in a graph

A

DFS if node shows up twice deadlock is detected

54
Q

Dead lock safe state

A

State where no deadlocks can occur avoid deadlocks by staying here

55
Q

HLDLC: Normal response mode

A

+unbalanced, primary initiates, secondary only response

56
Q

HLDLC: Asynchronous balanced mode

A

+ Balanced, either station may initiate, most widely used

57
Q

HLDLC: Asynchronous Response mode

A

Unbalanced secondary initiates rare

operating systems (1 decks)

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