Test 10/28/14 Flashcards
Why were gaps left in the early periodic table and what is the significance of ekasilicon?
So that they could be filled in for future elements and he predicted ekasilicon to be a new element.
Identify 3 ways to number the families of the periodic table.
IUPAC, American, European
Describe the atomic radius pattern of the periodic table and explain why.
The electronegativity increases from left to right due to the stronger attraction the atoms obtain.
Explain why ions can become smaller or larger.
They become smaller from losing electrons and they become larger from gaining electrons.
What happens when hydrocarbons burn in air?
It makes carbon dioxide.
What is the most reactive element?
Fluorine
What is the least reactive family?
Noble gases
What is an alloy?
A mixture of metals.
What is the relationship between ionization energy and atomic radius?
The atomic radius depends upon the ionization energy for the electrons.
Define malleable.
Able to be hammered and pliable.
Define ductile.
Able to be drawn out into a thin wire.
What are the properties of metals and nonmetals?
Metals have luster, are good conductors or heat and electricity, and most are solids at room temperature. Nonmetals have no luster, are poor conductors, and they are not malleable or ductile.
What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust?
Oxygen
Who were the 4 guys in the unit?
Dobereiner, Newlands, Mendeleev, Mosely
Define ionization energy.
How hard it is to take an atom.
Define electronegativity.
An atoms ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
What is hydrogen?
H- Lightest element, most abundant in universe
What is sodium?
Na- Excess can lead to arteriosclerosis, creates hydrogen gas in water
What is oxygen?
O- Animal respiration
What is neon?
Ne- Found in signs, non-reactive
What is fluorine?
F- Found in city water and toothpaste, extremely reactive
What is magnesium?
Mg- Makes strong, light alloys
What is titanium?
Ti- Light, strong alloy, SR-71
What is mercury?
Hg- Found in thermometers and thermostats
What is boron?
B- Found in antiseptic, 20 Mule Team Borax Soap
What is nitrogen?
N- Found in 77% of air, fertilizer, anesthetic, explosives
What is chromium?
Cr- Used in stainless steel and to plate car parts
What is arsenic?
As- Found in rat poison
What is wolfram (tungsten)?
W- Filament of incandescent light bulbs
What is bismuth?
Bi- Found in pepto bismol and fire sprinklers
What is chlorine?
Cl- Found in city water, PVC pipe, and bleach
What is silver?
Ag- Great conductor, tarnishes with sulfur
What is phosphorus?
P- Found in detergents and can pollute water, in fluorescent lights
What is uranium?
U- (U-235) Used for fission - power plants and weapons
What is aluminum?
Al- Soft drink cans ( also alloys, dyes, and medicines )
What is carbon?
C- Pure form is graphite and diamonds ( partial decomposition of wood )
What is copper?
Cu- Great conductor of heat and electricity, pennies
What things make up steel?
Alloy of carbon and iron
What does IUPAC stand for?
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Who made the first periodic table?
Mendeleev
What is the strongest element? Wimpiest?
Fluorine, Francium
From left to right, what is the order of the families/groups of the periodic table? ( Don’t forget the two bottom ones too. )
Alkali metals ( stored under oil ), Alkaline earth metals, Transition metals ( 3- 12 ), Boron Family, Carbon Family, Nitrogen Family, Oxygen Family, Halogens ( salt producers ), Noble Gases ( don’t react ), BOTTOM ONES : Lanthanide metals ( rare earth metals ), Actinide metals ( mostly manmade
