Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles II > Test 1: Xray > Flashcards

Test 1: Xray Flashcards

1
Q

Overexposure:

A

-too dark, could see bones well
-thoracic spine, mediastinal structures, and retrocardiac areas seen well, but fine structures in lung not seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Underexposure:

A

-too white/light
-can think infiltrates are present when they are not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s the main difference in AP vs PA x-rays?

A

-anterior-posterior (AP) x-rays will make the heart appear LARGER.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

System for interpreting x-rays:

A

ATMIB
-Abdomen
-Thorax
-Mediastinum
-Individual Lungs
-Bilateral lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most important things to look at with abdomen on x-ray:

A

-location of gastric bubble

-hemidiaphragms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the deep sulcus sign?

A

-air/pneumo can push down on lung and this depresses the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does this image show?

A

-Pneumothorax in the lower left lobe (dark space that contours to the normal costophrenic angle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Counting ribs: start on anterior or posterior side?

A

Anterior!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When are we worried about the size of the cardiac silhouette?

A

-If greater than 1/2 to 2/3 the thoracic distance, this would indicate cardiomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does 3 indicate in this image?

A

The aortic knob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can we do to the x-ray image to see air-filled structures easier?

A

invert it!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

So no matter what system we use, what all do we need to assess on x-rays?

A

-bony framework
-soft tissues
-lung fields and Hila
-diaphragm and pleural spaces
-mediastinum and heart
-abdomen and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which ribs should the diaphragm overlie?

A

-posterior aspect of the 10th or 11th ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What parts of spine can we make out on x-ray from an anterior view?

A

-Down to T3 to T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can be blocked by mediastinum and underexposed?

A

Sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or false: hemothoraxes are usually one-sided

A

True!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the hilum or the “lung root”?

A

-the shadow of pulmonary artery and vein adjacent the heart shadow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s a picture of a normal air bubble?

A

:)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Examples of Different Densities:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pitfalls to poor chest x-ray interpretation:

A

-poor inspiration
-over or under-penetration
-rotation of patient
-forgetting the path of x-ray beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do we want ETT to be?

A

2-3 cm above the carina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are aspirated substances more likely to settle?

A

-in the bases of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Image of Segments of right lung:

A

-extensive overlap in the anterior view!
-RUL occupies upper 1/3 of right lung
-anteriorly, RUL extends inferiorly as far as 4th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which ribs do the right upper lobe of the right lung sit adjacent to?

A

-first 3-5 ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which of the 3 right segments are the smallest?

A

-the right middle lobe, triangular in shape, narrowest near the hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Info about the RLL:

A

-largest of all 3 lobes, extends superiorly to the 6th vertebral body, and inferiorly to the diaphragm
-occupies 2/3 space of lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Minor vs Major Fissure:

A

-both on right side
-minor fissure separates RUL and RML, whereas the major fissure separates the two from the RLL (more oblique)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

True or false: there is a defined left minor fissure

A

false. No defines left minor fissure, only two lobes: left upper and left lower lobe

-only a left major fissure! (slightly inferior in location)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Left vs. Right lung: (referring to number of fissures)

A

one fissure on left, two on right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What portion of the left lung best corresponds to the right middle lobe?

A

left upper lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do these numbers correspond with on a normal chest x-ray?

A
  1. Aortic Arch
  2. Pulmonary Trunk
  3. Left atrial appendage
  4. Left ventricle
  5. Right ventricle
  6. Superior Vena Cava
  7. Right hemidiaphragm
  8. Left hemidiaphragm
  9. Horizontal Fissure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Numbers corresponding with normal chest x-ray, lateral view:

A
  1. Oblique Fissure
  2. Horizontal Fissure
  3. Thoracic spine and retrocardiac space
  4. Retrosternal Space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the silhouette sign?

A

-anatomic contact with a border will obscure that border.
-an intrathoracic lesion NOT anatomically contiguous with a border or a normal structure will NOT obliterate that border.
-SO, black line on the chest is normal and NOT a pneumo, it’s just the silhouette of the mediastinum!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the air bronchogram sign?

A

-when you can see the intrapulmonary bronchi on a chest x-ray.
-It means there is abnormal lung consolidation

-with consolidated lung, you can’t see the blood vessels b/c of being surrounded by other soft tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What part of the body can make it hard to visualize lung markings?

A

-the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What do most disease states do to the lungs?

A

-replace air with a pathological process
-ex: losing air space to fluid or tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Generalized liquid density:

A

-diffuse alveolar
-diffuse interstitial
-mixed
-vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Localized liquid density:

A

-infiltrate
-consolidation
-cavitation
-mass
-congestion
-atelectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Increased Air Density:

A

-localized airway obstruction
-diffuse airway obstruction
-emphysema
-Bulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Lobar Consolidation:

A

-alveolar space filled with inflammatory exudate
-interstitium and architecture intact
-airway is patent

-density to segment or lobe
-airbonchogram
-no significant loss of volume (unless mucus plug)

41
Q

Atelectasis:

A

-loss of air
-when obstructive, no ventilation to the lobe beyond obstruction
-density to segment or lobe
-significant loss of volume
-hyperinflation of normal lung as comp.

42
Q

Stages of Evaluating an abnormality:

A
  1. ID abnormal shadows
  2. Localize lesion
  3. ID pathological process
  4. ID etiology
  5. Confirm clinical suspension
43
Q

How can clavicles help us visualize ETT placement on chest x-ray?

A

-the clavicles should be 2-3 cm above ETT

44
Q

Why is right main stem intubation common in peds?

A

-smaller space, smaller margin of error

-even neck extension can cause this

45
Q

True or false: peds breath sounds can refer from side to side.

A

True! This is why it’s important to feel chest with hand and also pay attention to their airway pressures.

46
Q

Where should a central line catheter tip lie on x-ray?

A

-between the most proximal venous valves of the subclavian or jugular veins and the right atrium

47
Q

What does it mean if the spine and sternum are not lined up with one another on xray?

A

Pt is probably rotated

48
Q

When placing a central line, what MUST you do before dilating?

A

Transduce BEFORE you dilate!

B/c an IJ and a carotid artery will look the same on xray, don’t wanna dilate a carotid!

49
Q

ID this xray:

A

Right pleural effusion

50
Q

ID this xray:

A

Right middle lobe pneumonia

stays higher than it would if it was lower lobe pneumonia

51
Q

ID this xray:

A

Right upper lobe pneumonia

52
Q

ID this xray:

A

Right lower lobe pneumonia

53
Q

ID this xray:

A

-free air under the diaphragm
-worry about gastric ulcer or perforated ulcer

54
Q

ID this xray:

A

-cavity infiltrate, someone has aspirated, walled off inside that chest

55
Q

ID this xray:

A

TB

56
Q

What is the name of this complex?

A

-Gohn Complex

-a lesion in the lungs caused by TB. Lesions consist of a calcified focus of infection and associated with a lymph node.

-MULTIPLE lesions, not one

57
Q

ID this xray:

A

-wide medastinum (anterior mediastinal mass)

-could be aortic rupture b/c cannot visualize aortic knob well

58
Q

ID this xray:

A

Left upper lobe mass

59
Q

ID this xray:

A

metastatic testicular cancer

-yellow: metastasis
-purple: portocath

60
Q

ID this xray:

A

pulmonary metastasis hematogenous

61
Q

ID this xray:

A

-pneumomediastinum
-different from air silhouette b/c air is around heart on BOTH sides

62
Q

ID this xray:

A

-pneumothorax
-pulmonary markings go out on right side but not all the way on left side, has dark area

63
Q

ID this xray:

A

-sub-q air/emphysema

-concern about depressed diaphragm

64
Q

What is the deep sulcus sign?

A

-left side has a gastric silhouette and the diaphragm is actually pushed down

65
Q

ID this xray:

A

foreign body, in this case, nail in chest

-examples of others:

66
Q

ID this xray:

A

-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
-ppl working in coal mines for years

67
Q

ID this xray:

A

-widespread pulmonary edema, not localized
-large cardiac silhouette can indicate CHF

68
Q

What does “bat wing” look like on xray and what does it mean?

A

-fulminant pulmonary edema, can develop into widespread pulmonary edema often

69
Q

ID this xray:

A

-left-sided pneumonectomy

70
Q

ID this xray:

A

-transverse aortic arch aneurysm
-large, either tumor or wide aorta
-lateral view along with pt hx will tell you if aneurysm or tumor

71
Q

ID this xray:

A

cardiomegaly

72
Q

ID this xray

A

aortic dissection
(think really wide medastinum)

73
Q

What is Chilaiditi sign?

A

-rare, pain due to transposition of a loop of large intestine in between diaphragm and the liver
-can be asymptomatic

-air in bowel is visible instead of just random air under diaphragm

74
Q

What is boerhaave’s syndrome?

A

-large scale aspiration, air around the heart
-extremely sick, require thoracotomy, difficult to manage, often septic, high mortality rate

75
Q

ID this xray:

A

Bilateral hilar adenopathy
(hilum has fluid retention)

76
Q

ID this xray:

A

squamous cell carcinoma, thin-walled cavitation

77
Q

ID this xray:

A

LUL atelectasis, loss of heart borders or silhouetting

notice overinflation of unaffected lung

78
Q

ID this xray:

A

-right, middle, and upper lobe pneumonia

-anterior atelectasis on the left upper lobe

79
Q

ID this xray:

A

cavitation lesions, look gross and smell bad

80
Q

ID this xray:

A

TB

81
Q

ID this xray:

A

emphysema, pink circle shows air trapping, notice flattened out diaphragm on right side

82
Q

What are anatomical indicators of COPD?

A

-increase in heart diameter, flattenign of the diaphragm, and increase in size of retrosternal air space

-upper lobes also become hyperflucent due to destruction of lung tissue

83
Q

ID this xray:

A

-pseudotumor, fluid filled minor fissure that looks like a tumor but isn’t
-is actually pleural effusion in right pleura

84
Q

ID this xray:

A

pneumonia
(right lower lobe)

85
Q

ID this xray:

A

CHF
-notice how much diuretic therapy can help in this image taken 24 hours later:

86
Q

ID this xray:

A

-chest wall lesion, not on lung itself

-will still cause compression and some irritation

87
Q

ID this xray:

A

chylothorax-loss of costophrenic angle-pleural effusion

88
Q

ID this xray:

A

lung mass

89
Q

Id this xray:

A

LUL pneumothorax

small, lung has been “pushed down” by the air

90
Q

ID this xray:

A

right middle lobe pneumothorax, notice how much it improves after chest tube insertion!

91
Q

ID this xray:

A

metastatic lung cancer

92
Q

ID this xray:

A

RUL pulmonary nodule

93
Q

ID this xray:

A

TB

94
Q

ID this xray:

A

Perihilar mass: hodgkin’s disease

95
Q

ID this xray:

A

-widened mediastinum
-aortic dissection, pt also has tracheal deviation or rotation

96
Q

ID this xray:

A

-pulmonary artery stenosis with cardiomegaly, likely secondary to the stenosis

97
Q

What is the most common cause of consolidation?

What is the alveolar space filled with?

A

-Pneumococal Pneumonia
-Debris

98
Q
A

Principles II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions