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Nursing Practice 1 > Test #1 Week 4 > Flashcards

Test #1 Week 4 Flashcards

0
Q

When does an infection develop?

A

When the chain of infection stays intact

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1
Q

What is the chain of infection?

A
  1. Infectious pathogen
  2. A reservoir
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Mode of transmission
  5. Portal of entry
  6. A susceptible host
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2
Q

What is Asepsis?

A

It is the absence of pathogenic (disease producing) microorganism

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3
Q

What are Examples of medical asepsis?

A

Hand washing, barrier technique, and routine environmental cleaning

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4
Q

What is surgical asepsis?

A

Procedures to eliminate all microorganisms from area (sterilization)

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5
Q

When to use alcohol based products to wash hands?

A

When hands are not visibly dirty

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6
Q

What to avoid having on hands if practicing nursing?

A

Rings, long nails, chipped nail polish, and fake nails

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7
Q

When dealing with an isolated patient what knowledge is essential?

A

Knowledge of infection process, disease transmission, and critical thinking skills

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8
Q

How to wash hands?

A
  1. Turn on water
  2. Put soap
  3. Lather hands thoroughly
  4. Rinse
  5. Turn off faucet
  6. Dry from fingers and up
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9
Q

What to make priority when patient is isolated?

A

That patient and family understand the purpose and procedure of isolating

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10
Q

What are the steps to wearing PPE (personal protective equipment)?

A
  1. Gown
  2. Mask
  3. Eye protection
  4. Gloves
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11
Q

What are the steps to removing PPE (personal protective equipment)?

A
  1. Remove gloves
  2. Remove gown
  3. Preform hand hygiene
  4. Remove eye protection
  5. Remove mask
  6. Preform hand hygiene
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12
Q

How are organisms transmitted?

A

Can be transmitted by contact, droplet or airborne route

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13
Q

What is antiseptic?

A

An agent that inhibits or prevents the growth of microorganisms but does not kill them

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14
Q

What is a bacteria?

A

Popularly called germs, can be pathogenic or disease producing but can also be the opposite and live peacefully with mankind

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15
Q

What is a resident bacteria?

A

Stable in number and type, are present in skin crevices and cracks, and therefore, difficult to wash out

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16
Q

What is a transient bacteria?

A

It is something picked up in normal day activity and is attached loosely to skin, therefore easy to remove

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17
Q

What is bactericidal?

A

Something capable of destroying bacteria but not their spores

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18
Q

What is bacteriiaostatic?

A

Something capable of stopping the growth or multiplication of a bacteria

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19
Q

What does clean mean?

A

It means free of pathogenic organisms

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20
Q

What does contaminate mean?

A

It means to make an area or item unclean or unsterile- may be direct or indirect

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21
Q

What does cross contaminate mean?

A

Dirty objects come in contact with clean ones

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22
Q

What does dirty mean?

A

Something that is Contaminated

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23
Q

What does disinfectant mean?

A

A stronger agent than an antiseptic, destroys bacteria living outside the body

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24
Q

What does concurrent disinfection mean?

A

Immediate destruction and disposal of discharges and infected or contaminated area or objects all through the course of illness or disease

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25
Q

What does terminal disinfectant mean?

A

Same as concurrent disinfection only at the end of disease or after patient’s discharge from hospital

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26
Q

What does etiology mean?

A

Cause of source of infection, study of specific cause

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27
Q

What does fomites mean?

A

Objects other than food that may harbour microorganisms

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28
Q

What does germicide mean?

A

An agent that kills pathogenic microorganisms

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29
Q

What does infection mean?

A

Disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body

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30
Q

What does nosocomial infection mean?

A

Hospital acquired infection

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31
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Microorganism that produce disease

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32
Q

What does pathogenic mean?

A

That which is capable of producing disease

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33
Q

What does sepsis mean?

A

Condition that results when pathogens multiply and produce a ‘poison’ in the body

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34
Q

What does sterile mean?

A

Free from all microorganisms and their pathogenic by-product

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35
Q

When doing routine patient care (no physical contact) what methods of protection must you use?

A

Hand hygiene, if coughing, sneezing etc.. Use mask

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36
Q

What PPE must you use when using physical contact with patient?

A

Hand hygiene

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37
Q

What PPE to use when using physical contact where you or patient has infected or open wound?

A

Hand hygiene
Gloves
Gown
Surgical mask

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38
Q

What PPE to use when in contact with patient where procedure may involve splashing of body fluids (droplets)?

A 
Hand hygiene
Mask
Eye protection
Gloves 
Gown
39
Q

What is the #1 rule when dealing with restraints?

A

They should always be last resort… If nothing else works than you restrain

40
Q

What is a physical restraint?

A

Any manual, physical or mechanical device or material or equipment that immobilizes a patient from moving

41
Q

What is a chemical restraint?

A

It is a drug that is given to manage the behaviour of a patient and is not part of usual medical plan

42
Q

Restraints should only be used when…?

A
  • to ensure safety of staff or patient
  • when all other methods have failed
  • if family is notified of restraint
  • when it is the least restrictive but most effective
  • if follow establishment policies properly
  • if is discontinued at earliest possible time
43
Q

What to record when using restraints?

A
  • record before and after restraint
  • record alternatives used
  • record reason for restraint
44
Q

What are seizures?

A

Sudden, abnormal and excessive electrical discharges from the brain that change motor and automatic function, consciousness or sensation

45
Q

What are the different types of seizures?

A

Epileptic and non-epileptic

46
Q

What are epileptic seizures?

A

Result from epilepsy, a neurologic condition in which a brain abnormality causes recurrent seizure activity

47
Q

What are non-epileptic seizures?

A

A response to a stimulus outside of the central nervous system such as alcohol withdrawal, high fever, drugs, and poisoning

48
Q

What is the most immediate danger when someone is having a seizure?

A

Choking

49
Q

What is the right wheelchair safety?

A
  • secure locks on breaks
  • raise footplates before transfer
  • make sure buttock is at the back of seat
  • back wheelchair in and out of door/elevator
50
Q

What do you do if a patient falls?

A
  • stand with feet apart to provide broad base of support
  • extend one leg against which patient can slide on floor
  • bend knees and lower body as patient lowers
51
Q

What do the environmental safety for a patient include?

A

Physical and psychological factors that influence or affect the life and survival of a patient

52
Q

What are the basic needs of a patient?

A
  • sufficient oxygen
  • nutrition
  • temperature
  • humidity
53
Q

How to prevent physical hazards?

A
  • sufficient lighting
  • obstacles
  • security system
  • make sure there are precautions in case of fire
  • help prevent transmission of pathogens (microorganism)
54
Q

What are certain risk factors for patient safety?

A
  • lifestyle of patient
  • impaired mobility
  • sensory or communication impairment
  • lack of safety awareness
55
Q

What to do incase of a fire?

A
  • R: rescue and remove all patients from immediate danger
  • A: activate alarm
  • C: confine by closing windows/doors
  • E: extinguish
56
Q

What is an ambularm?

A

Device worn on leg that signals when leg moves

57
Q

What is a bed-check?

A

Bed alarm system that uses a weight sensitive sensor, so when you get up it goes off

58
Q

What is a belt restraint?

A

A belt that secures a patient to a bed or a stretcher

59
Q

What is an extremity restraint?

A

A restraint designed to immobilize one or all extremities

60
Q

What is a mitten restraint?

A

It is a thumbless mitten device used to restrain hands

61
Q

What is an elbow restraint?

A

Piece of fabric with slots, has tongue blade so that elbow cannot move

62
Q

How should you put a baby to sleep?

A

On their back

63
Q

When travelling with children in a car what should you do?

A

Put them in a car seat appropriate to their weight and size

64
Q

What are the leading causes of fire?

A
  • smoking
  • cooking
  • heating
65
Q

What are the three heat components it takes to make a fire?

A
  • heat
  • fuel
  • oxygen
66
Q

How to use a fire extinguisher?

A

P.A.S.S

  • P: pull the pin
  • A: aim
  • S: squeeze
  • S: sweep
67
Q

What are the leading causes of death at home for children?

A
  • falls
  • poisoning
  • fires and burns
  • choking
  • drowning
68
Q

What does PRN mean?

A

As needed

69
Q

How often do you monitor patients who are being retrained?

A

1 hour, follow establishment policy

70
Q

What is the nursing process?

A
  • nursing assessment
  • nursing diagnosis
  • planning nursing care
  • implementing nursing care
  • evaluating nursing care
71
Q

What does acute care mean?

A

Hospital care

72
Q

What is critical thinking?

A

Complex phenomenon that can be defined as a process and a set of skills

73
Q

How to critical think as a nurse?

A
  • recognize
  • analyze
  • evaluate
  • conclude
74
Q

What does critical thinking require you to do?

A
  • examine ideas
  • assumptions and beliefs
  • principles
  • conclusions
  • actions within context
75
Q

What does the use of evidence based knowledge mean?

A

Knowledge based on research or clinical expertise that makes you an informed critical thinker

76
Q

What is an environmental restraint?

A

Barrier or device that limits locomotion of patient

77
Q

When to use a restraint on a patient?

A
  • to facilitate treatment
  • control behaviour
  • support patients presenting with cognitive impairment
  • to prevent harm/keep safe
78
Q

When positioning patient in lateral position the patient is on his/her…?

A

Side laying position

79
Q

Should a patient feel discomfort when preforming a range of motion exercise?

A

Never

80
Q

What does ambulate mean?

A

To walk

81
Q

Where should you stand when ambulating a patient?

A

Slightly behind the patient and to the side

82
Q

What are somethings you should observe when ambulating a patient?

A
  • breathing
  • how steady they are
  • pain
  • independence
  • how far
  • duration
  • colour of skin
83
Q

A patient may experience a… High or low blood pressure when sitting on side of bed before standing?

A

Low

84
Q

What does abduction mean?

A

Away from the body

85
Q

What does dorsal flexion mean?

A

Upward

86
Q

What does planter flexion mean?

A

Downward

87
Q

What does adduction mean?

A

Towards the body

88
Q

In medical terminology what does the root mean?

A

Foundation of the term

89
Q

In medical terminology what does the prefix mean?

A

Beginning of the word

90
Q

In medical terminology what does the suffix mean?

A

End of the word

91
Q

In medical terminology what is the combining vowel?

A

(Usually O) combining root-suffix or root-root

92
Q

In medical terminology what is the combining form?

A

Combination of the root and combining vowel

93
Q

What does DD Stand for?
___ X V
DH

A

It means… Dosage ordered
______________ X vehicle
Dosage on hand

94
Q

How do you convert mg into g?

A

Mg X 1000 = g

95
Q

What are the abdominal quadrant regions?

A

Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant

Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant

96
Q

How to make a bed? (17 steps)

A 
1- gloves
2- loosen top linen
3- fold soiled top sheet
4- place spread on foot of bed
5- place bath blanket over patient
6- position patient on side
7- loosen bottom sheet, roll under patient, mittering corners
8- remove gloves
9- place clean sheet on bed, tuck in sheets
10- place draw sheet, tuck in
11- roll patient to other side
12- gloves
13- remove remainder of soiled linen
14- remove gloves
15- tuck in clean bottom sheet 
16- tuck in top linen
17- change pillow case

Nursing Practice 1 (1 decks)

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