Test #1 Week 4 Flashcards
When does an infection develop?
When the chain of infection stays intact
What is the chain of infection?
- Infectious pathogen
- A reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of entry
- A susceptible host
What is Asepsis?
It is the absence of pathogenic (disease producing) microorganism
What are Examples of medical asepsis?
Hand washing, barrier technique, and routine environmental cleaning
What is surgical asepsis?
Procedures to eliminate all microorganisms from area (sterilization)
When to use alcohol based products to wash hands?
When hands are not visibly dirty
What to avoid having on hands if practicing nursing?
Rings, long nails, chipped nail polish, and fake nails
When dealing with an isolated patient what knowledge is essential?
Knowledge of infection process, disease transmission, and critical thinking skills
How to wash hands?
- Turn on water
- Put soap
- Lather hands thoroughly
- Rinse
- Turn off faucet
- Dry from fingers and up
What to make priority when patient is isolated?
That patient and family understand the purpose and procedure of isolating
What are the steps to wearing PPE (personal protective equipment)?
- Gown
- Mask
- Eye protection
- Gloves
What are the steps to removing PPE (personal protective equipment)?
- Remove gloves
- Remove gown
- Preform hand hygiene
- Remove eye protection
- Remove mask
- Preform hand hygiene
How are organisms transmitted?
Can be transmitted by contact, droplet or airborne route
What is antiseptic?
An agent that inhibits or prevents the growth of microorganisms but does not kill them
What is a bacteria?
Popularly called germs, can be pathogenic or disease producing but can also be the opposite and live peacefully with mankind
What is a resident bacteria?
Stable in number and type, are present in skin crevices and cracks, and therefore, difficult to wash out
What is a transient bacteria?
It is something picked up in normal day activity and is attached loosely to skin, therefore easy to remove
What is bactericidal?
Something capable of destroying bacteria but not their spores
What is bacteriiaostatic?
Something capable of stopping the growth or multiplication of a bacteria
What does clean mean?
It means free of pathogenic organisms
What does contaminate mean?
It means to make an area or item unclean or unsterile- may be direct or indirect
What does cross contaminate mean?
Dirty objects come in contact with clean ones
What does dirty mean?
Something that is Contaminated
What does disinfectant mean?
A stronger agent than an antiseptic, destroys bacteria living outside the body
What does concurrent disinfection mean?
Immediate destruction and disposal of discharges and infected or contaminated area or objects all through the course of illness or disease
What does terminal disinfectant mean?
Same as concurrent disinfection only at the end of disease or after patient’s discharge from hospital
What does etiology mean?
Cause of source of infection, study of specific cause
What does fomites mean?
Objects other than food that may harbour microorganisms
What does germicide mean?
An agent that kills pathogenic microorganisms
What does infection mean?
Disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body
What does nosocomial infection mean?
Hospital acquired infection
What is a pathogen?
Microorganism that produce disease
What does pathogenic mean?
That which is capable of producing disease
What does sepsis mean?
Condition that results when pathogens multiply and produce a ‘poison’ in the body
What does sterile mean?
Free from all microorganisms and their pathogenic by-product
When doing routine patient care (no physical contact) what methods of protection must you use?
Hand hygiene, if coughing, sneezing etc.. Use mask
What PPE must you use when using physical contact with patient?
Hand hygiene
What PPE to use when using physical contact where you or patient has infected or open wound?
Hand hygiene
Gloves
Gown
Surgical mask
What PPE to use when in contact with patient where procedure may involve splashing of body fluids (droplets)?
Hand hygiene Mask Eye protection Gloves Gown
What is the #1 rule when dealing with restraints?
They should always be last resort… If nothing else works than you restrain
What is a physical restraint?
Any manual, physical or mechanical device or material or equipment that immobilizes a patient from moving
What is a chemical restraint?
It is a drug that is given to manage the behaviour of a patient and is not part of usual medical plan
Restraints should only be used when…?
- to ensure safety of staff or patient
- when all other methods have failed
- if family is notified of restraint
- when it is the least restrictive but most effective
- if follow establishment policies properly
- if is discontinued at earliest possible time
What to record when using restraints?
- record before and after restraint
- record alternatives used
- record reason for restraint
What are seizures?
Sudden, abnormal and excessive electrical discharges from the brain that change motor and automatic function, consciousness or sensation
What are the different types of seizures?
Epileptic and non-epileptic
What are epileptic seizures?
Result from epilepsy, a neurologic condition in which a brain abnormality causes recurrent seizure activity
What are non-epileptic seizures?
A response to a stimulus outside of the central nervous system such as alcohol withdrawal, high fever, drugs, and poisoning
What is the most immediate danger when someone is having a seizure?
Choking
What is the right wheelchair safety?
- secure locks on breaks
- raise footplates before transfer
- make sure buttock is at the back of seat
- back wheelchair in and out of door/elevator
What do you do if a patient falls?
- stand with feet apart to provide broad base of support
- extend one leg against which patient can slide on floor
- bend knees and lower body as patient lowers
What do the environmental safety for a patient include?
Physical and psychological factors that influence or affect the life and survival of a patient
What are the basic needs of a patient?
- sufficient oxygen
- nutrition
- temperature
- humidity
How to prevent physical hazards?
- sufficient lighting
- obstacles
- security system
- make sure there are precautions in case of fire
- help prevent transmission of pathogens (microorganism)
What are certain risk factors for patient safety?
- lifestyle of patient
- impaired mobility
- sensory or communication impairment
- lack of safety awareness
What to do incase of a fire?
- R: rescue and remove all patients from immediate danger
- A: activate alarm
- C: confine by closing windows/doors
- E: extinguish
What is an ambularm?
Device worn on leg that signals when leg moves
What is a bed-check?
Bed alarm system that uses a weight sensitive sensor, so when you get up it goes off
What is a belt restraint?
A belt that secures a patient to a bed or a stretcher
What is an extremity restraint?
A restraint designed to immobilize one or all extremities
What is a mitten restraint?
It is a thumbless mitten device used to restrain hands
What is an elbow restraint?
Piece of fabric with slots, has tongue blade so that elbow cannot move
How should you put a baby to sleep?
On their back
When travelling with children in a car what should you do?
Put them in a car seat appropriate to their weight and size
What are the leading causes of fire?
- smoking
- cooking
- heating
What are the three heat components it takes to make a fire?
- heat
- fuel
- oxygen
How to use a fire extinguisher?
P.A.S.S
- P: pull the pin
- A: aim
- S: squeeze
- S: sweep
What are the leading causes of death at home for children?
- falls
- poisoning
- fires and burns
- choking
- drowning
What does PRN mean?
As needed
How often do you monitor patients who are being retrained?
1 hour, follow establishment policy
What is the nursing process?
- nursing assessment
- nursing diagnosis
- planning nursing care
- implementing nursing care
- evaluating nursing care
What does acute care mean?
Hospital care
What is critical thinking?
Complex phenomenon that can be defined as a process and a set of skills
How to critical think as a nurse?
- recognize
- analyze
- evaluate
- conclude
What does critical thinking require you to do?
- examine ideas
- assumptions and beliefs
- principles
- conclusions
- actions within context
What does the use of evidence based knowledge mean?
Knowledge based on research or clinical expertise that makes you an informed critical thinker
What is an environmental restraint?
Barrier or device that limits locomotion of patient
When to use a restraint on a patient?
- to facilitate treatment
- control behaviour
- support patients presenting with cognitive impairment
- to prevent harm/keep safe
When positioning patient in lateral position the patient is on his/her…?
Side laying position
Should a patient feel discomfort when preforming a range of motion exercise?
Never
What does ambulate mean?
To walk
Where should you stand when ambulating a patient?
Slightly behind the patient and to the side
What are somethings you should observe when ambulating a patient?
- breathing
- how steady they are
- pain
- independence
- how far
- duration
- colour of skin
A patient may experience a… High or low blood pressure when sitting on side of bed before standing?
Low
What does abduction mean?
Away from the body
What does dorsal flexion mean?
Upward
What does planter flexion mean?
Downward
What does adduction mean?
Towards the body
In medical terminology what does the root mean?
Foundation of the term
In medical terminology what does the prefix mean?
Beginning of the word
In medical terminology what does the suffix mean?
End of the word
In medical terminology what is the combining vowel?
(Usually O) combining root-suffix or root-root
In medical terminology what is the combining form?
Combination of the root and combining vowel
What does DD Stand for?
___ X V
DH
It means… Dosage ordered
______________ X vehicle
Dosage on hand
How do you convert mg into g?
Mg X 1000 = g
What are the abdominal quadrant regions?
Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant
How to make a bed? (17 steps)
1- gloves 2- loosen top linen 3- fold soiled top sheet 4- place spread on foot of bed 5- place bath blanket over patient 6- position patient on side 7- loosen bottom sheet, roll under patient, mittering corners 8- remove gloves 9- place clean sheet on bed, tuck in sheets 10- place draw sheet, tuck in 11- roll patient to other side 12- gloves 13- remove remainder of soiled linen 14- remove gloves 15- tuck in clean bottom sheet 16- tuck in top linen 17- change pillow case
