Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Micro > Test 1 Virology, Helminths, Platyhelminths, Virus, Odd Bugs/Chalmydia, Anaerobes, Gram +/-, Fungi > Flashcards

Test 1 Virology, Helminths, Platyhelminths, Virus, Odd Bugs/Chalmydia, Anaerobes, Gram +/-, Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

most prevalent helminth

A

nematode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Trinity of intestinal helminth nematode

A

Ascariasis, Trichuriasis, Hookworm , 4th-Strongyloidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ascaris - pathway in body

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal= LUNG = injest egg -> lung -> GI (mate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ascaris - S/S

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal = Pulm, GI, bowel obstruction, female lays tons of eggs, light-asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Trichuris - s/s

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal “whipworm” = dysentery, rectal prolapse, intestinal mucosa burrowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hookworm - Necator Ancylostoma - body pathway

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal= LUNG / SKIN = NO eggs - larvae, into skin ->heart -> lung -> GI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ascaris - Tx

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal = Single dose Rx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hookworm/Necator Ancylostoma - Tx

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal= Single dose Rx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hookworm/Necator Ancylostoma - S/S

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal= Iron deficiency (eat blood), kids - physical + cognitive, women - preg, MDA = “creeping eruption” erythema migrans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hookworm/ Strongyloides - S/s

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal = Appalachia, hyperinfection (enteritis), dissemination (Gram - carried), asymptomatic OR larva currens, pulm migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hookworm/ Strongyloides - TX

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal= improve sanitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hookworm/ Strongyloides - body pathway

A

Helminth/Nematode-Intestinal = LUNG SKIN - AUTOfertilization/infection,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hookworm / Strongyloides - DX

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal = eosinophilia, antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Enterobius

A

Helminth/Nematode -Intestinal = pinworm, perianal itching, DX - scotch tape, treat whole family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Trichinella - S/S

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = muscle pain, fever, edema, eosinophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trichinella - body pathway

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = cyst -> lymph -> muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Trichinella - Tx

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trichinella - Dx

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = muscle biopsy, serology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Filiarisis

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = Lymphatic Filiarisis, mosquito vector, blood to lymph, difficult to kill worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Onchocerciasis

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = Blindness over long term, sub-saharan Africa, black fly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Loasis (Loa Loa)

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = Eyeworm, black fly, Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Guinea Worm

A

Helminth/Nematode - Tissue = hang out to release eggs in water, eradicated by transmission control (avoid water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Schistosomiasis - 2 types

A

Platyhelminths - Trematodes/Flukes = S. mansoni - intestine/liver, S. hematobium - bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Schistosomiasis - pathway

A

Platyhelminths - Trematodes/Flukes = Skin contact w/ freshwater, swimmer’s itch, egg in 1)feces OR 2)urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Schistosomiasis - Dx
Platyhelminths - Trematodes/Flukes = CBC Eosinophilia, antibody
26
Liver Flukes
Platyhelminths - Trematodes/Flukes = snail, undercooked fish, biliary cancer, Asia
27
Tapeworm - Cesatodes - types
Platyhelminths = 1) Taenia saginata (beef) | 2) Taenia solium (pork) - also HUMAN host
28
Tapeworm - Cesatodes - transmission
Platyhelminths = Eat larvae or eggs/cyst (cysticercosis - solium) , eat larvae- adult worm in intestine
29
Tapeworm - Cesatodes - Dx
Platyhelminths = image, antibody
30
Diphyllobothriasis
Platyhelminths = from fish, B12 taken
31
Echinococcus
Platyhelminths =endemic in West USA, host-dog gut/poo, intermediate - sheep then human, hyatid cyst (liver lung), Dx - image, antibody, Tx - Surgical PAIR
32
Fungus - Saprobe, Symbiont, Commensal, Parasite
decompose, mutual benefit, no benefit, harm
33
Fungus - staining
Gram +, NOT acid fast
34
yeast - cell
unicellular, budding
35
mold - cell
filamentous hyphae, septate/coencytic
36
alfatoxin
Fungus = aerobic, kills you
37
Fungus culture
hours, sabourand's agar, chloramphenicol (inhibit bact. growth)
38
Exogenous Fungal Infxns
CASH - Crypto, Aspergillus, Sporothrix, Histoplasmosis
39
Histoplasmosis contract
Fungus = cave
40
Crypto contract
Fungus = pigeon poo
41
Aspergillosis contract
Fungus = decaying veggie
42
Endogenous Fungal infxns
Candida
43
Fungus Primary Infxns
Healthy People Be Cautious - Hist, (Paracoccidioides bras.), Blasto, Coccydiodes
44
Coccydiodes disease name
Fungus = Valley fever
45
Fungal Opportunistic Infxn
Always CCarry Protection - Asperg, Candida, Cryptococc, Pneumocystis j.
46
Fungus Superficial infxn
Black/white piedra, tinea nigra/versicolor
47
Fungus serolgy
See His (crypto)Coc Fungus
48
Cutaneous Fungal Infxn
Dermatophytes (microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton), Tinea cruris/unguium, extra lesions
49
Deep Tissue Fungal Infxn
Deep Fungal B.A.C.C.C.H.
50
Strep pyogenes
Gram + = strep throat, URI, B-hemolysis,
51
Strep throat S/S + S.E.
Fever, NO cough, anterior cerv nodes, tonsillar exudate. S.E. - Rheumatoid fever, glomeruloneph, scarlet fever
52
Strep pneumonia
Gram + = a hemolysis
53
Strep agalactiae
Gram + = vagina, URI (also meningitis, otits media)
54
Enterococcus
Gram + , GI tract = UTI *also endocarditis; From catheter, tubes, etc.
55
Vividans Strep
Gram + = Endocarditis
56
Strep DX
Gram + = PCR, Antigen, Gram *hard*
57
Staph aureus - bug
Gram + = B hemolysis, lives skin/mucus, colonizes nares, coagulase (+) ?
58
Staph aureus - disease
localized infxn skin, invasive (endocard, steomyelitis), toxin mediated (TSS, Scalded Skin Syndr)
59
Staph epidermidis/lugdunensis
Gram + = Colonize skin, coagulase (-)
60
Staph haemolyticus
Gram + = Colonize sweat glands, coagulaze (-)
61
Staph DX
Gram + = Gram , PCR (s. aureus), culture
62
Gram + Spore-forming rods
Clostridium, Bacillus
63
Gram + Non-spore-forming rods
Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix, Rhodoccus, Listeria (motile)
64
Bacillus anthracis
``` Gram + Spore rod = skin->lungs->GI; goats, animals; black eschar, X-ray = widened mediastinium ```
65
Bacillus cereus
Gram + Spore rod = | immunocompromised, contaminant wounds, food poisoning (emetic, diarrheal)
66
Corynebacteria
Gram + Non-Spore rod = C. diptheriae = bullneck, toxic - myocardio, neuro; airborne, aspirate membrane; DX - immunofluorescent stain
67
Listeria
Gram + No-Spore rod = risk pregger, cheese, h2 blocker/gastric surgery, cross placenta (meninigitis)
68
Erysipelothrix
``` Gram + No-Spore rod = zoonosis/swine/soil, erysipeloid skin lesion/endocard/maybe diffuse rash; cutaneous trxn (fish handling) ```
69
Endotoxin
on outer cell wall
70
Exotoxin
released from cell
71
E. coli
Gram (-) / Enterobacteriae = #1 UTI / Traveller's Diarrhea
72
Proteus
Gram (-) / Enterobacteriae = UTI, vulgaris (more resistant) vs. mirabilis
73
Klebsiella p.
Gram (-) / Enterobacteriae = UTI, Pnemonia; Purple goop
74
Neisseria meningitidis
Gram (-) diplococci = humans ONLY reservior, ONLY Epidemic meningitis, USA - serogroup B, URI to headache to Petechial Rash DX - CSF /chocolate agar
75
Neisseria gonorrhea
Gram (-) diplococci = ONLY in humans, asymptomatic female carry THEN P.I.D. (disseminate)
76
Moraxella c
Gram (-) diplococci = otitis media, LRI (COPD)
77
Haemophilus influenzae
Gram (-) cocci = Humans ONLY host, epiglottitis, HiB (worst infection)
78
Haemophilus ducreyi
Gram (-) cocci = chancroid (PAINFUL)
79
Brucellosis
Gram (-) cocci = zoonosis, unpasteurized; granuloma
80
Acinobacter
Gram (-) cocci = nosocomal pneumonia
81
Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
Gram (-) cocci = rabbits/rodents; | ulcer -> pneumo
82
Yersinia enterocolitica
Gram (-) cocci = gut, cold food outbreak
83
Yersinia pestis
Gram (-) cocci = plague Rodent - bubonic droplet - pneumonic
84
Bartonella - where?
intracellular, Bacilliary Angiomatosis
85
Bartonella bacilliformis
Gram (-) cocci = Oroya Fever, erythrocytes, verruga peruana cutaneous nodules
86
Bartonella henselae
Gram (-) cocci = cat scratch disease
87
Bartonella quintana
Gram (-) cocci = Trench Fever/body louse | culture negative endocarditis
88
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - characteristics
Gram (-) cocci = blue/green, ubiquitous, high mortality, transmission - WEAKENED HOST
89
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - disease
Gram (-) cocci = otitis externa whirlpool folliculitis, paronchy, *bone/joint infxn
90
Gram (-) Negative rod Anaerobes
BEEF UP! Bacteriodes, Fusobacterium, Prevotella
91
Gram (+) Positive rod Anaerobes
CLASS ACT! Clostridia, Actinomyces
92
Gram (-) Negative cocci Anaerobes
Veillonella
93
Gram (+) Positive cocci Anaerobes
Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus
94
Anaerobes S/S
Foul Smell, Gas in Tissues, Abscess
95
Ludwig's Angina
Anaerobe - submandibular swell, drool , hot potato voice, woody
96
Inhale anaerobe
pneumonia, abscess
97
Brain abscess
from oral or endocardial origin
98
Anaerobe tissue infxn
diabetic soft tissue, cellulitis, necro. fasciitis, Syn. Necro. cellulitis, Myonecro.
99
Clostridium perfringens
``` Anaerobe = food poisoning, skin/soft tissue Gas Gangrene (myonecrosis), doom ```
100
Clostridium tetani
Anaerobe = tetanus
101
Clostridium botulinum
Anaerobe = endospores, A/B/E, honey/food
102
Clostridium difficile
Anaerobe = spore, toxin A + B | DX - endoscopy, fecal leuk, PCR (NO CULTURE)
103
Mycobacterium - general characteristics
TB, Acid Fast, NO SPORE, +HIV = infxn
104
MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex)
pulm - hot tub lung, COPD - old men, like TB, Lady Windermere
105
Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy)
droplets, armadillos, NO CULTURE, S/S - lepratomous stage = tissue destruction
106
Treponema
Spirochetes = T. pallidium (phallus) / endemicum = Syphilis
107
Borrelia
Spirochetes = lice
108
Borrelia burgdoferi
Spirochetes = Lyme - deer tick IgM- 3-6 weeks, use IgG after 4-6 weeks malar rash, ECM, joint/cardio block
109
Rickettsia rickettsi
RMSF (Rocky....) - tick attack vascular endothelium fever, headache, rash leuk down, platelets down
110
Anaplasmosis
tick
111
Ehrlichosis
Lone Star tick, HME *Monocytic
112
Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma - M. pneumoniae
URI
113
Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma - M. hominis/ureaplasma
UTI
114
Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma - M. genitalium
PID
115
Chlamydia - gram
-
116
Chlamydia - elementary bodies
infxn
117
Chlamydia trachomatis
Conjuctiva / Genital , A-K
118
Chlamydia psittaci
parrot fever
119
Chlamydia pneumoniae
atypical pneumoniae
120
Influenza structure
envelope ssRNA
121
HSV - HSV1/2, VZV, HSVB
alpha, latent: NEURON
122
HSV - EBV, HHV8
Gamma, latent : B LYMPHOCYTE
123
Keratitis
HSV 1
124
HSV nail
herpetic whitlow
125
HSV DX
Tzanc prep, PCR
126
HSV Shedding ___ days
100
127
VZV - varicella vaccine
live
128
VZV - varicella rash
start on scalp/trunk to extremety
129
VZV - don't give aspirin to kids
Reye's
130
Herpes zoster vaccine
live
131
Herpes zoster complications
meningitis, neuralgia
132
EBV symptoms
atypical lymphocytes, cervical adenopathy
133
EBV Dx
Monospot , antibody/pcr
134
CMV
CD8 down, eye, DX- tissue (owl's eye)
135
HHV6
Roseola
136
HHV8
Kaposi's Sarcoma
137
Rabies pathway
bite -> replicate in muscle -> nerve -> replicates dorsal root ganglion -> brain
138
Rabies types/treatment
furious vs. paralytic / vaccinate animals
139
West Nile
Flavivirus = birds, IgM CSF
140
Dengue
``` Flavivirus = resevoir host - human 4 serotypes Undiff fever, fever, hemorrhagic, shock febrile, critical, convalescent Dx - RT PCR, IgG4x 2ndary infxn dangerous ```
141
Yellow Fever
Flavivirus = Faget's sign (temp up pulse down), IgM
142
Chikungunya
Flavivirus = IgM, PCR
143
Hantavirus
Flavivirus = rodents (urine, feces) | H. Pulm. Syndr
144
Ebola
Flavivirus = animal, bats
145
Protomer
makes capsid
146
Envelope
surrounds capsid
147
Capsid
surrounds genome
148
Capsomer
unit, surface proteins seen by EM
149
Most common virus type
RNA single strand +/-
150
RNA + virus
Go! translate
151
RNA - virus
needs intermediary (virus contains transcriptase)
152
Virus - Helical capsid
need nucleic acid (flu)
153
Virus - Icosahedral capsid
don't need nucleic acid (HPV)
154
Virus - Complex capsid
carries replication machinery (poxvirus)
155
RNA virus examples
Flu, ebola, HIV, zika, HTLV
156
dsDNA virus examples
Herpes
157
HSV - antiviral Rx
inhibit DNA replication
158
HSV virus infection stages
IE - transcr factors, bypass immune E - Replicate inside to grow Rep - Progeny L - Package it
159
HPV vaccine made of
icosahedral capsid fragments
160
HSV latency measure
LAT RNAs in nucleus
161
Virus evolution
mutation --> recombination --> reassortment (flu strains)
162
what makes pandemics
antigenic SHIFT
163
what determines virus spread
our immunology
164
Initial symptoms of viral infxn
Prodrome (innate immune, interfeuron)
165
Viral inclusion bodies located
intranuclear / cytoplasmic
166
ELISA tests
antibody/ antigen
167
Zika can be spread from
man to sex partners

Micro (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions