Test 1 Study Guide

Question 1

Define the following terms regarding the process of communication: Source (encoder), message, channel, receiver (decoder)

Answer 1

• Source (encoder): term used in communication theory to specify the one who prepares and sends a message to the receiver
• Message: term used in communication theory to denote the actual physical product of the source or encoder (e.g., a speech, interview, phone conversation, chart)
• Channel: term used in communication theory to denote the medium selected to convey the message; the channel may target any of the receiver’s senses
• Receiver (decoder): term used in communication theory that specifies the person or object to which the message is directed

Question 2

List modes of nonverbal communication (touch, eye contact…) what they can tell you and when they would be appropriate.

Answer 2

• Touch: performing nursing procedures and technique or conveying emotional support
• Eye contact
• Facial expression
• Posture
• Gait
• Gestures
• General physical appearance
• Mode of dress and grooming
• Sounds
• Silence

Question 3

Compare and contrast social vs a helping relationship.

Answer 3

Helping: does not occur spontaneously, characterized by an unequal sharing of information, built on the patient’s need, the nurse is the helper and the patient is the person being helped, communication is the means used to establish rapport and helping-trust relationships. About the patient.

Social: often occurs spontaneously, characterized by an equal sharing of info, needs of both persons considered, neither is consistently the helper or helped, communication is the means used to establish rapport and trust. Give and take.

Question 4

Describe factors that promote effective communication in a helping relationship

Answer 4

• Dispositional traits
• Warmth and friendliness
• Openness and respect
• Empathy
• Honesty, authenticity and trust
• Caring
• Competence
• Rapport builders
• specific objectives
• comfortable environment
• privacy
• confidentiality
• patient vs task focus
• utilization of nursing observations
• optimal pacing

Question 5

List 3 phases of a helping relationship

Answer 5

• Orientation Phase
• Working Phase
• Termination Phase

Question 6

List and describe 7 Interviewing techniques that could facilitate the gathering of data (page 468)

Answer 6

• open ended questions
• closed ended questions
• clarifying questions or comments
• reflective questions or comments
• sequencing questions or comments
• directing questions or comments

Question 7

Describe common blocks to communication, including non-therapeutic questions and comments.

Answer 7

• failure to perceive the pt as a human being
• failure to listen
• non therapeutic questions and comments
• using cliches
• using closed questions
• using questions containing the words why and how
• using the questions that probe for information unnecessarily
• using leading questions
• using comments that give advice
• changing the subject
• giving false assurance
• using gossip and rumors
• using disruptive interpersonal behavior

Question 8

Describe SBAR Communication. What does the acronym stand for? When should it be used?

Answer 8

• Situation: what is going on with the patient
• Background: what is the patient’s pertinent history, clinical background, or additional information
• Assessment: what do you think is going on with this patient?
• Recommendation: what do you think needs to be done

Question 9

Define HIPAA, in regards to confidentiality. Include which information is considered confidential, who can be given the information, and what the patient’s rights are

Answer 9

• Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
• All information about the patient is considered private or confidential, whether written on paper, saved on a computer or spoken aloud.
• Includes names, all identifiers such ad address, phone number, fax number, SS number, any other personal info, reason they are sick or in hospital, info about past health history, assessments and treatments.

Question 10

Describe the Chain of Infection

Answer 10

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Question 11

List common types of infectious agents

Answer 11

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Question 12

Describe when it is appropriate to use Standard Precautions

Answer 12

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Question 13

Describe the three mode of transmission, special precautions for each type of transmission and when they should be used.

Answer 13

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Question 14

List and describe the stages of infection

Answer 14

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Question 15

Differentiate between the inflammatory and immune response

Answer 15

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Question 16

Describe and differentiate between medical and surgical asepsis and note when each would be used and special techniques to be observed to maintain surgical asepsis.

Answer 16

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Question 17

List and describe each step of the nursing process

Answer 17

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Question 18

Differentiate between subjective and objective data.

Answer 18

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Question 19

Define NANDA and what the organization doe

Answer 19

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Question 20

Write a two part nursing diagnosis and recognize what each part should be composed of.

Answer 20

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Question 21

Write a measurable specific goal/outcome with an appropriate time frame

Answer 21

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Question 22

Describe/define different types of nursing interventions.

Answer 22

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Question 23

Evaluate interventions and describe what should be done after the evaluation is completed. Describe safe practices for measuring liquid meds

Answer 23

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Question 24

Define medication

Answer 24

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Question 25

Differentiate between chemical, generic and trade names.

Answer 25

Chemical:
Generic:
Trade:

Question 26

Differentiate between oral, topical and parenteral meds.

Answer 26

Oral:
Topical:
Parenteral:

Question 27

Describe proper sites, appropriate needle lengths and gauges for IM SQ and intradermal injections.

Answer 27

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Question 28

Describe legal aspects of medication administration, especially in regards to controlled substances.

Answer 28

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Question 29

Differentiate between a routine standing order and PRN order

Answer 29

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Question 30

Correctly convert mg to grains, mg to grams, mg to micrograms, mL to teaspoons and tablespoons.

Answer 30

mg to grains:
mg to grams:
mg to mcg:
mL to tsp:
mL to tbsp:

Question 31

Describe the gate controlled theory of pain and recognize examples of pain relief that fir the gate controlled theory.

Answer 31

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Question 32

Describe how to assess pain, list different pain scales and which scale is appropriate for which type of patient.

Answer 32

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Question 33

List and describe common responses to pain

Answer 33

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Question 34

Explain factors that affect the pain experience

Answer 34

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Question 35

Describe the Joint commission guidelines for pain management.

Answer 35

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Question 36

Recognize and describe common non pharmacologic ways to manage pain

Answer 36

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Question 37

Explain the difference between opioid and non opioid medications and when/how each should be used.

Answer 37

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Question 38

Use the numeric sedation scale to rate sedation and make decisions regarding medication administration.

Answer 38

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Question 39

Explain the differences between routine pain management and pain management for cancer and/ or chronic pain patients.

Answer 39

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Question 40

Describe measure necessary to administer medications safely. Including rights and safety checks

Answer 40

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