Test 1 Study Deck Flashcards
What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
What is the average time between contracting HIV and getting AIDS?
10 years
Why is HIV resistant to anti-virals
The replicates as it mutates
What is currently used to treat HIV?
Combination treatment (one pill once a day or an injection every 2 months)
When did HIV emerge?
1920s
When was AIDS discovered?
1981
When was HIV discovered?
1983/84
When was combination therapy introduced?
1995
How many people are currently living with HIV?
35 million
How many people in the U.S. live with HIV?
1 million
What percent of people in the U.S. take HIV drugs?
85%
What percent of people living with HIV are receiving anti-viral treatment?
75%
When was the first HIV patient cured?
2009
Numeracy
the ability to understand and work with numbers
What are the steps of the scientific method?
Observation/question, hypothesis, experiment, analyze data, report conclusions
Pathogenic
able to cause diease
Vector Borne Diseases
disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeing arthropods (mosquitoes)
Zoonosis
a human gets infected by a pathogen from an animal
Name the 5 stages of animal virus to human virus
- cross-species, spillover
- primary infection
- limited outbreaks
- longer outbreak
- pandemic
epizootic
animal virus that kills a different animal
spillover
the transmission of a pathogen from an animal to a human
When was the first paper about HIV published?
1981
What happened in 1960?
In the DRC, the lymph node was studied, RNA was extracted and doctors were able to line up the HIV genome
TMRCA
Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor
What is the virus in primates that is very similar to HIV?
SIV
Why did HIV become a pandemic?
social and cultural factors, globalization and mobility, stigmatization and denial, lack of awareness and education
disease triumphalism
an overconfidence in humanity’s ability to conquer diseases
HIV Emergence
Initially a mysterious and poorly understood virus, crossed from primates to humans in central Africa
Lack of effective treatment (1980s-1990s)
no effective antiretroviral drugs available to treat HIV; no medical means to slow down the progression of this disease
high mortality rates
due to cancer and infection
stigma and discrimination
hindered early detection and treatment
vulnerable populations
gay/bi men, intravenous drug users, sex workers, women and people with hemophilia
global spread
first high risk then people of all demographics, the lack of effective prevention and treatment contributed to rapid transmission
public health response
inadequate resources allocated for HIV prevention and treatment, public awareness was limited
community activism
ACT UP
What does ACT UP stand for?
Aids Coalition to Unleash Power
What percent of people living with HIV are women?
60%
GRID
Gay Related Immune Defiency
Describe the stigmatized “gay lifestyle”
too much sex, animal nitrates/poppers, lifestyle mediated
Things that need to happen for virus to be transmissible
physiologic conditions (virus needs to be exposed to someone else in the same conditions because it can’t live outside the body) and a high amount of virus exchanging from infected to the newly infected
undetectable viral load = ?
untransmissible
Where is the virus found?
Blood, semen, breast milk, female vaginal fluid
vertical transmission
mother to child
When were bi/gay men banned from donating blood?
1983/84
When were bi/gay men allowed to donate blood again
late 2022/early 2023
flamaging
10-15 years faster of internal ageing
Triple combo Therapy discovered
1995
FDA approves AZT, the first medication for AIDS
March 19, 1987
the number of reported AIDS cases in the U.S. reaches 100,000
1989
Congress enacts the Ryan White Care Act, providing funding for community-based care/treatment
1990
AIDS becomes the leading cause of death for all Americans ages 25-44
1994
The FDA approves the first protease inhibitor, introducing combination therapy as treatment
1995
Number of AIDS cases in the US declines for the first time
1996
565,000 people have HIV since 1981
2007
The FDA approves use of TRUVADA for pre-exposure
2012
35.3 million people living with HIV
2013
2019
second person with HIV cured
Rock Hudson
One of the first celebrities to die of AIDS, well known actor. Friend of Ronald Reagan.
Vito Russo
Influential activist “Silence = Death”