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Organic Chemistry > Test 1 Study > Flashcards

Test 1 Study Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation for formal charge?

A

Formal charge equals the # of valence electrons minus the total # of lone-pair electrons + # of bonds

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2
Q

Rank the following elements from least to most electronegative: O, F, C, H, N, B, Cl

A

H, B, C, N, O, Cl, F

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3
Q

How many valence electrons do H, B, C, N, O, and F have?

A

H=1, B=3, C=4, N=5, O=6, F=7

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4
Q

What is the determinant of electronegativity of a non-polar covalent bond?

A

<0.5

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5
Q

In a bond between X–Y, if Y is more electronegative, then the covalent bond is _____ towards Y.

A

Polarized

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6
Q

What is the determinant of electronegativity of a polar covalent bond?

A

0.5-1.9

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7
Q

Between the bond of N–H, which element is more polarized?

A

N

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8
Q

Describe the net magnitude of a molecule that has a centralized polarity at the top.

A

The net magnitude will be entirely pointing upward towards the polarized element.

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9
Q

Describe the net magnitude of a molecule where each element is equally polarized and pulling in all directions of the molecule.

A

There would be no net magnitude due to the polarity being equally distributed about the molecule.

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10
Q

The p orbital has a(n) ____ shape.

A

Dumbbell

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11
Q

In the p orbital, what would be the 3-degenerates in the x, y, and z position?

A

2px, 2py, 2pz

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12
Q

A 4-degenerate would have what kind of hybrid orbital? How many covalent bonds?

A

sp^3, 4 covalent bonds

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13
Q

A 4-degenrate would have what kind of geometry?

A

Tetrahedral

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14
Q

A 3-degenerate would have what kind of hybrid orbital? How many covalent bonds?

A

sp^2, 3 covalent bonds

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15
Q

A 3-degenrate would have what kind of geometry?

A

Trigonal planar

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16
Q

A 2-degenrate would have what kind of hybrid orbital? How many covalent bonds?

A

Sp, 2 covalent bonds

17
Q

A 2-degenrate would have what kind of geometry?

A

Linear

18
Q

How would you find the S character?

A

You would take 100 and divide that by the steric number.

19
Q

What would the steric number of an oxygen atom with 1 double bond, 1 single bond, and 1 pair of electrons be?

A

3

20
Q

Which would have a higher boiling point: a single carbon chain or a chain with one branched carbon?

A

The single carbon chain

21
Q

What would have a higher boiling point: a carbon chain with an alcohol or a carbon chain with an ether group?

A

The carbon chain with an alcohol

22
Q

What does an isopropyl substituent look like?

A

A methyl group with 2 branched points at the end

23
Q

What does a sec-butyl substituent look like?

A

A methyl group with a butane attached at the end

24
Q

What does a isobutyl substituent look like?

A

A methyl group with an isopropyl group attach at the end

25
Q

How would you name an 8 carbon chain with a sec-butyl substituent at the 4’ carbon?

A

4-sec-butyloctane

26
Q

In IUPAC naming, what would be the short-term for Br, Cl, F, and I?

A

Br=bromo, Cl=chloro, F=floro, I=iodo

27
Q

How would you distinguish sigma and pi bonds in single, double, and triple covalent bonds?

A

In single bonds, there would be one sigma bond connecting the two elements. In double bonds, there would be one sigma bond and one pi bond. In triple bonds, there would be one sigma bond and two pi bonds.

28
Q

How would you describe an aldehyde group?

A

It’s one carbon with 1 single bonded hydrogen, 1 double bonded oxygen, and a connection to the molecule.

29
Q

How many bonds can carbon make to have a formal charge of 0?

A

4

30
Q

How many bonds can nitrogen make to have a formal charge of 0?

A

3

31
Q

How many bonds can oxygen make to have a formal charge of 0?

A

2

32
Q

If an element has 2 covalent bonds, how many long pair electrons does it need to have to reach 8?

A

4 (2 pairs)

33
Q

In a Newman’s Projection diagram, when the branches are aligned with one another, is the structure stable or unstable?

A

Unstable

34
Q

In a chair confirmation, which branching is the most stable?

A

Equatorial

35
Q

What kind of isomers have the same formula but a different structure?

A

Constitutional isomers

36
Q

What kind of isomer have the same formula and the same structure?

A

Identical isomers

37
Q

What kind of isomers what the same formula, the same structure, but a different setup?

A

Stereoisomers

Organic Chemistry (3 decks)

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