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A-LEVEL PE Skill Acquisition > Test 1 - Skills > Flashcards

Test 1 - Skills Flashcards

1
Q

why is skill classification needed

A

to ensure the most appropriate method of practice is selected

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2
Q

what is the definition of a skill

A

the learned ability to bring about predetermined results with a minimum outlay of time, energy to both

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3
Q

what is a open skill

A

environment is unpredictable and changing
player must makes decisions before the skill is in progress

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4
Q

whats a closed skill

A

environment is predictable and unchanging
decision is made before executing the skill

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5
Q

what is a gross skill

A

large muscles are used eg weightlifting

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6
Q

what is a fine skill

A

smaller, intricate muscle groups eg shooting

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7
Q

what is a self paced skill

A

there performer controls the speed at which the skill is performed and when it is started

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8
Q

what is an externally paced skill

A

the performer has no control over the speed of the skill or when to start

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9
Q

what is a simple skill

A

requires very few decisions or thought during execution

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10
Q

what is a complex skill

A

requires many decisions before executing the skills and during the skills

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11
Q

what is a low organised skill

A

easily broken down into sub routines

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12
Q

what is a highly organised skill

A

not easily broken down into subroutines

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13
Q

what is a discrete skill

A

skill has a distinct beginning and end
one sharp action eg basketball free throw

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14
Q

what is a serial skill

A

several discrete skill linked together
eg a trampoline routine

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15
Q

what is a continuous skill

A

no clear beginning
the end of one cycle is often the start of the next eg front crawl swimming action

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16
Q

what are the three categories of things to consider when choosing how to practice

A

the task eg the nature of the skill, the physical and mental demands

the performer eg age, ability etc

the environment eg space available, time

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17
Q

what is whole practice

A

the task is presented in its entirety with sub routines in tact

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18
Q

what kind of skills is whole practice good for

A

fast
closed
simple
highly organised skills

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19
Q

advantages of whole practice

A

brings out realism
fluency
understanding
keeps links between sub routines
builds mental image
builds entire motor programmes

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20
Q

disadvantages of whole practice

A

can be too much info at once
could be beyond the capabilities of the performer

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21
Q

what is whole part whole practice

A

practice skill in its entirety
then isolate a part or weakness to work on before putting it back into the whole skill

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22
Q

advantages of whole part whole practice

A

used for skills with low organisation
good if performer has a weakness
gives feedback and error correction
helps to motivate and maintain the feel of a skill
good for serial skills eg a trampoline routine

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23
Q

disadvantages of whole part whole practice

A

must now how to do the skill to begin with
takes a long time to learn the skill and them improve each individual part

24
Q

what is progressive part practice

A

when each part of the skill is added gradually

25
Q

what skills is progressive part practice good for

A

serial
complex
dangerous
a new task
easily Brocken down

26
Q

advantages of progressive part practice

A

good for building fitness for the entire routine
builds the fluency of the entire skill
good way of learning a routine without performer being overloaded

27
Q

what is massed practice

A

a repeated practice of a skill where there are no or little recovery periods between blocks of practice

28
Q

what kind of skills are good for massed practice

A

discrete
simple
closed
highly organised
self paced

29
Q

advantages of massed practice

A

forms motor programs
increases fitness
enhance over learning
good for habitual responses
efficient

30
Q

disadvantages of massed practice

A

no time for feedback
fatigue
to demanding (could lead to injury)

31
Q

what is distributed practice

A

rest intervals between sessions

32
Q

when should distributed practice be used

A

when the skill is
continuous
complex
low organised
seriel
externally paced

33
Q

advantages of distributed practice

A

allows recovery
less mental pressure
allows mental rehearsal
reduces danger

34
Q

disadvantages of distributed practice

A

time consuming
time maybe managed ineffectively as rest periods could be longer than working periods
may be boring

35
Q

what is varied practice

A

a type of practice where the skills and drills are changed

36
Q

when should varied practice be used

A

when the skill is
complex
open
externally paced

37
Q

advantages of varied practice

A

gives motivation
allows adaption
builds a schema

38
Q

disadvantages of varied practice

A

time consuming
possibility of a negative transfer
fatigue
too demanding

39
Q

what is mental practice

A

going over the skill in your head without doing the movement

40
Q

what are the two ways of mental practice

A

internal - emotions
external - mental picture of environment

41
Q

advantages of mental practice

A

improves reaction time
builds motor programmes
builds confidence
controls anxiety

42
Q

disadvantages of mental practice

A

environment must be calm
must be correct

43
Q

what are the three stages of learning

A

cognitive stage
associative stage
autonomous stage

44
Q

characteristics of the cognitive stage of learning

A

movement may lack coordination
may include mistakes
MOTOR PROGRAMME NOT DEVELOPED
trial and error may be used
performer needs to think while using feedback

45
Q

characteristics of the associative stage of learning

A

MOTOR PROGRAMMES START TO BE FORMED
movement is smoother
practice is used to perfect movement
movements are compared to a more perfect model

46
Q

characteristics of the autonomous stage of learning

A

MOTOR PROGRAMMES ARE FORMED
task completed with efficiency and attention to detail
expert level
movement may be second nature

47
Q

what are some benefits of feedback

A

builds confidence/motivates
correct errors
makes the stimulus response bond stronger which makes skills habitual
gives reinforcement which promotes repetition

48
Q

what is the difference between intrinsic feedback for autonomous learners and cognitive learners

A

both get intrinsic feedback but autonomous learners can understand and interpret it. cognitive learners cannot

49
Q

how do you make feedback effective

A

give it immediately
make sure it is relevant and understood
make sure it is appropriate for the performer eg age, if beginner etc

50
Q

what is positive transfer

A

the learning of one skill positively influences the learning of another

51
Q

how to cause positive transfer

A

the coach can point out similarities
use positive reinforcement eg praise
point out similar information processing requirements
teach similar skills linked together

52
Q

what is negative transfer

A

the learning of one skill inhibits the learning of another

53
Q

what are the causes of negative transfer

A

misunderstadning
when a familiar stimulus requires a different response
skills appear similar but are not

54
Q

how to prevent negative transfer

A

draw attention to differences
thoroughly learn skills
avoid teaching conflicting things together
do not overload

55
Q

what is zero transfer

A

the learning of a skill has no impact on another

56
Q

what is bilateral transfer

A

the transfer from one side of the body to another (eg left to right) eg kicking the ball with your right foot when you usually kick it with your left

A-LEVEL PE Skill Acquisition (1 decks)

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