Test 1 Review Questions Flashcards
The acinus contains?
Alveolar ducts
Surfactant serves what purpose in the lungs?
Reduction of surface tension
Adequacy of ventilation is known by what value?
PaCO2
J-receptors are sensitive to alterations in what?
Pulmonary capillary pressure
AP diameter of thoracic cavity is increased by contraction of what muscles?
External intercostals
What’s the normal O2 content of blood?
20mL/100mL of blood
What’s the most common cause of hypoxemia?
V/Q mismatch
A transudative pleural effusion is indicative of what ?
Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
How are pneumoconiosis acquired?
Through environment
Pulmonary edema is most commonly due to what?
LHF
Airway obstruction caused by asthma is due to what?
Cases stimulation of stretch receptors
Emphysema is associated with what etiology?
Imbalance b/w proteases and anti-proteases
What does a positive TST indicated concerning TB?
Patient has been infected and developed an immune response
Saliva contains…
Exogenous fluoride
What is secondary peristalsis stimulated by?
Muscle stretch
- Involuntary
- Occurs during esophageal phase
What decreases the rate of gastric emptying?
Hypo-osmotic content
Where does carb. digestion begin?
Mouth - amylase
What does iron transport require?
plasma transferrin
The gastrocolic reflex initiates what?
Propulsion in the entire colon
Where does visceral pain arise from?
Stimulus acting on an abdominal organ
Pyloric obstruction is associated with what?
Duodenal ulcers b/c of edema associated with them
Chronic antral gastritis is related to what?
H. pylori
What’s a cushing ulcer caused by?
Increased HCl
What could be the cause/association with a mesenteric artery occlusion?
Atrial fib. (clots)
Jaundice may be caused by what?
Extrahepatic obstruction to bile
A person is admitted to hospital w/Dx of acute pancreatitis…you expect person to have?
Elevated amylase (+ lipase)
What’s causes an abnormal permanent enlargement of gas exchange airways (acini) accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls w/out obvious fibrosis?
Emphysema
Left heart failure causes what?
Pulmonary Edema
Chronic bronchitis is most commonly due to what bacteria?
H. influenzae & S. pneumonia
How is orthopnea relieved?
By sitting up and leaning forward
What type of ventilatory pattern is described by highly increased respiratory rate, very large tidal volume, no expiratory pause?
Kussmaul Respirations
Loss of blood to the medulla oblongata causes what type of respiratory pattern?
Cheyne-Stokes
What’s the best INITIAL treatment for asthma?
Remove offending agent
Cholera causes what type of diarrhea?
Watery Diarrhea
What is more difficult during an obstructive breathing pattern?
Breathing out (exhaling)
This is a fulminant form of resp failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolcapillary injury?
ARDS
Pulmonary Emboli can cause what?
Alveolar dead space
Selective bulbous enlargement of end of a digit; commonly associated w/dzs that interfere w/oxygenation is what?
Clubbing
Hypoxemia at high altitudes is due to?
Decreased inspired O2
What are inflammatory mediators in asthma?
histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes
What antibodies are associated with asthma?
IgE
How would one describe visceral pain?
diffuse, dull, poorly localized
What’s considered normal bathroom patterns?
2-3x’s/day up to 1x/wk
Fatty liver can be caused by?
Alcoholism
What is functional dysphagia caused by?
Caused by neural or muscular disorders that interfere w/voluntary swallowing or peristalsis
This is fresh, bright red blood passed from the rectum.
Hematochezia
Colicky pains caused by distention followed by vomiting are cardinal symptoms of what?
Small bowel obstruction
What’s the primary cause of peptic ulcers?
H. pylori
The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) located in?
Medulla
Which bacterium is commonly found in the normal biota of the upper respiratory tract?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Candida albicans
S. aureus
The use of Prevnar has reduced the incidence of which disease in children?
Sinusitis
Rhinitis
Acute Otitis Media
Diphtheria
Acute Otitis Media
Effective vaccines currently exist for use in nearly all populations against: A. whooping cough. B. influenza. C. RSV. D. A and B. E. B and C. F. all of the above.
D. A & B
-Whooping cough & Influenza
What is the leading cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae
Which of the following is not considered a defense of the gastrointestinal system?
A) commensal microbes B) IgA C) ciliated epithelia D) GALT E) peristalsis
C) Ciliated Epithelia
Which of the following types of organisms are not considered normal biota of the gastrointestinal system?
A) bacteria B) archaea C) fungi D) protozoa E) None of the choices is correct.
B) Archaea
Identify each of the following organisms as either causes of acute or chronic diarrhea:
A. Cyclospora cayetanensis B. E. coli O157:H7 C. Campylobacter jejuni D. Giardia lamblia E. Vibrio cholerae
Cyclospora cayetanensis (Chronic) E. coli O157:H7 (Acute) Campylobacter jejuni (Acute) Giardia lamblia (Chronic) Vibrio cholerae (Acute)
