Test 1 review

Question 1

The temporal bone houses:

Answer 1

components of hearing and balance

Question 2

The temporal bone provides:

Answer 2

framework, support, and protection (for ossicles and TM)

Question 3

The squamous portion of the temporal bone is ______ and _____ to the ear canal

Answer 3

superior; slightly anterior

Question 4

The tympanic portion is ___ to the ear canal

Answer 4

inferior

Question 5

The mastoid portion is ____ and ____ to the ear canal

Answer 5

posterior; slightly inferior

Question 6

The petrous portion is ____ to the ear canal

Answer 6

medial

Question 7

Zygomatic arch has a connection to ____

Answer 7

zygomatic bone

Question 8

The squamous portion forms the ____ of the ear canal

Answer 8

roof or bony portion

Question 9

The squamous forms a portion of the ___

Answer 9

ear canal wall

Question 10

The squamous plate articulates with the:

Answer 10

• sphenoid bone anteriorly
• parietal bone superiorly
• occipital bone posteriorly

Question 11

The mastoid bone forms the ___ of TB

Answer 11

posterior portion

Question 12

____ is a large air-containing cavity that is continuous with air cells of the mastoid process

Answer 12

Tympanic antrum

Question 13

What separates the mastoid and tympanic portion?

Answer 13

Tympanomastoid Fissure

Question 14

The tympanic portion forms the ___ of the ear canal

Answer 14

inferior wall & most of the anterior wall

Question 15

The petrous portion divides the:

Answer 15

• posterior cranial fossa
• middle cranial fossa

Question 16

The petrous portion houses:

Answer 16

• sensory organs of hearing and balance
• internal auditory canal

Question 17

What are the physical characteristics of sound?

Answer 17

• Frequency
• Intensity
• Phase
• Spectrum

Question 18

What are the perceptual characteristics of sound?

Answer 18

• Pitch
• Loudness

Question 19

Longitudinal waves that propagate in the direction of the force.

Answer 19

Sound waves

Question 20

Waves that propagate perpendicular to the force

Answer 20

Transverse waves

Question 21

____ is when air molecules are pushed together–top of the wave

Answer 21

Condensation

Question 22

_____ is when air molecules are far apart–bottom of the wave

Answer 22

Rarefaction

Question 23

___ are unnatural, meaning they have no harmonics, just fundamental frequencies.

Answer 23

Pure tones

Question 24

____ have fundamental frequencies as well as harmonics.

Answer 24

Complex sounds

Question 25

Study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the psychological responses to which they give rise. How we react to a sound.

Answer 25

Psychoacoustics

Question 26

Localization of high frequency sounds (wavelength is shorter, so the head will block it)

Answer 26

Interaural intensity differences

Question 27

Localization of low frequency sounds (wavelength is longer and can travel around the head)

Answer 27

Interaural timing differences

Question 28

Middle ear boosts intensity of sound about __

Answer 28

30-35 dB

Question 29

The ME amplifies the sound coming from the environment to help ___

Answer 29

Overcome the impedance mismatch between air and cochlear fluids.

Question 30

Allows pressure of ME cavity to be equal to the pressure in the environment

Answer 30

Eustachian tube

Question 31

What does the Organ of Corti house?

Answer 31

Inner and outer hair cells

Question 32

Transduce vibratory energy into electrical pulses

Answer 32

Inner hair cells

Question 33

Amplify sounds that are low level so they can be picked up by the IHC via electromotility.

Answer 33

Outer hair cells

Question 34

The cochlea is located in the ___

Answer 34

Petrous portion

Question 35

Perforated bony core

Answer 35

Modiolus

Question 36

Shelf-like structure that winds around the modiolus

Answer 36

Osseous Spiral Lamina

Question 37

The base of the osseous spiral lamina is called the

Answer 37

Basal region

Question 38

The pointy top of the osseous spiral lamina is called the

Answer 38

Apical region

Question 39

The outer bony part of the vestibular system has 2 windows:

Answer 39

- The oval window - The round window

Question 40

The ___ is more superior--where the stapes makes contact and where sound energy is transmitted from ME (in the scala vestibuli)

Answer 40

Oval window

Question 41

The ___ is inferior--accommodates any movement of the stapes (in the scala tympani)

Answer 41

Round window

Question 42

If we push the stapes in,

Answer 42

The round window bulges outward

Question 43

If we pull the stapes out,

Answer 43

The round window caves inward

Question 44

What is housed within the bony labyrinth of the cochlea?

Answer 44

Membranous labyrinth

Question 45

Unique fluid with a high K+ concentration and relatively low Na+ concentration that is only found in the inner ear of the cochlea.

Answer 45

Endolymph

Question 46

The spaces between the membranous labyrinth and the bony walls of the osseous labyrinth are filled with:

Answer 46

Perilymph

Question 47

A fluid that is the opposite of endolymph. Has a high concentration of Na+ and low concentration of K+.

Answer 47

Perilymph

Question 48

What is the purpose of the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 48

To separate the two different fluids.

Question 49

___ keeps the high concentration of potassium

Answer 49

Stria vascularis

Question 50

Endolymph has an electrical charge of ___

Answer 50

+80 mV

Question 51

Perilymph has an electrical charge of ___

Answer 51

0 mV

Question 52

When too much endolymph in membranous labyrinth causes it to swell

Answer 52

Meniere's disease

Question 53

The area of communication at the apex of the cochlea between the Scala Vestibuli and the Scala Tympani

Answer 53

Helicotrema