Test #1: Reconstruction

Question 1

Radical Republicans

Answer 1

• felt they could govern the South better than the South itself could because they left the Union and lost their rights

Question 2

Lincoln’s Plan

Answer 2

• aka Proclamation of Amnesty
• forgiven and excused of crimes (pardoned) and allowed back into the Union
• Ten Percent Plan: 10% of those who voted (roughly 10,000) had to sign an oath of allegiance (which said they support not only the Constitution but also the Union
• South had to support the Emancipation Proclamation
• Exclusion Clause: former officers, judges, and any office holders of the Confederation

Question 3

President Johnson’s Plan

Answer 3

• similar to Lincoln’s plan
• rich (20k a year or more) could not be pardoned
  a) generally planters
• required the ratification of the 13th amendment
• abolish slavery in state

Question 4

Radical Republican Plan

Answer 4

• believed South had to be reconstructed, not restored
• want to “change the fabric of Southern society”
• believed North could change the South better than the South could
• wanted to take the plantations, chop them up, and give them away to free slaves
• slaves given the right to vote (with the ulterior motive of getting more votes for Republicans)

Question 5

Civil Rights Act

Answer 5

• passed in response to the Black Codes
• all people (citizens) (excluding Native Americans) had the benefits of US citizenship and all of the laws
• vetoed by Johnson because **he did not believe the federal government had the authority to pass such a law
  a) makes him look bad
• Congress overrides veto

Question 6

Black Codes

Answer 6

• set of laws in South to restrict the rights of African Americans
• South wished to keep the idea of slavery alive

Question 7

14th Amendment

Answer 7

• all people have state and federal citizenship
• forbids any state from taking away those rights
• cannot deprive any person of their due process
  a) basically saying they cannot be deprived of their rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
• cannot deny EQUAL PROTECTION of any kind

Question 8

Freedom Bureau

Answer 8

• 1865
• to help the former slaves: provide provisions
• 1st form of social welfare
• negotiate contracts for the former slave
• provide medical care and education

Question 9

Scalawag South

Answer 9

• someone (usually a Democrat) who supports the RR to make money

Question 10

Sharecropping

Answer 10

• poor farmers (white or black)
• grow crops on another person’s farm and the owner gets 1/2 of crops (bushels)
• farmers could possibly get stuck on farms for being in debt
  (not to be confused with tenant farming, which was farming to pay rent and live on farm)

Question 11

Military Reconstruction Act of 1867

Answer 11

• the South had to be divided into 5 military districts
• a general would oversee the government (made sure all qualified voters participated)
• had to give all rights to all citizens (equal)
• every state had to ratify the 14th amendment

Question 12

Wade Davis Bill

Answer 12

• Radical Republican’s version of construction
• majority of white male citizens had to take an oath declaring their allegiance to the US
• difficult for all to agree on it (needed a 50+1 majority in each state)

Question 13

Carpetbaggers

Answer 13

• move from the North to the South to make money (usually North republicans)

Question 14

Tenures of Office Act

Answer 14

• if the President wants to fire Senate and appoint for the Senate, the Senate must approve the firing

Question 15

Edwin Stanton

Answer 15

• secretary of war

- Johnson attempted firing him, Senate denied request, Johnson fired him away, eventually leading to his Impeachment

Question 16

15th Amendment

Answer 16

• cannot stop someone from voting because of their race of previous servitude

Question 17

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 17

• violates the 15th Amendment but does not become a violation until someone protests their actions
• 1st terrorist group in America
• started circa 1866 in Tennessee
• goal to scare AA and any white who supported them
• **wanted to defend the social and political superiority of whites
• murdered, beat, and tortured people into staying quiet and following Southern law (like asking AA and poor whites ridiculously hard questions to be able to vote)

Question 18

Impeachment of Johnson

Answer 18

• Congress (“grand jury”) speak of charges
  a) they say yes, Johnson has committed a crime
• Articles of Impeachment: charges put against you
• Senate acted as jury, hearing case
  a) 2/3 have to say he committed a crime
• for an impeachment to happen, the President has to commit a crime and/or a misdemeanor

Question 19

Purchase of Alaska

Answer 19

• purchased by William Seward
• bought for 7.2 mil from Russia
• coined “Seward’s folly”

Question 20

Election of 1868

Answer 20

• issue: Reconstruction
• Republican candidate: Grant, winning general
  a) no experience- says little about the issues
  b) wins by vote of 3 million; 214 electoral votes
• Democrat candidate: Seymour, NY governor
  a) calls Grant stupid and a drunk
  b) loses with 2.7 million votes; 80 electoral
• Grant won 70-80% of the African American votes (roughly 450-500,000)

Question 21

Bloody Shirt

Answer 21

• an Ohio tax collector beat up by KKK
• white shirt turned red from blood
• shirt used to campaign against the Democrats (saying look what the Democrats have done)