Test #1 Rapid fire

Question 1

Identify the two evaluation criteria for empirical theory

Answer 1

explanatory/predictive power

Question 2

The two evaluative criteria for empirical theories are related in a particular way, identify the relationship

Answer 2

Positive correlation

Question 3

_______________ is an explanation of some phenomenon composed of a set of logically related propositions

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

Identify the model for normative political theory

Answer 4

philosophy (normative) natural science (empirical)

Question 5

Identify the two evaluation criteria for normative theories

Answer 5

Feasibility (permissibility) and Desirability (optimality)

Question 6

T or F: The terms ‘concept’ and ‘conceptualization’ are generally used as synonyms and will be treated as such for the purposes of this class

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Provide an example of a concept and a few of its conceptualizations

Answer 7

concept: Love
Conceptualization: Love at first sight

Question 8

Who gets the credit for popularizing the term ‘Ideology’

Answer 8

Destute de Tracy

Question 9

Identify a word or phrase that best captures John Adams view of ideology

Answer 9

Useless, lunacy, impractical, etc

Question 10

Political Scientists are concerned with two types of theory, what are they?

Answer 10

Empirical and Normative Theory

Question 11

T or F: Terrence Ball and Richard Dagger were the first scholars to employ a functionalist approach to conceptualize ideology

Answer 11

False = it is Carl Manheim

Question 12

T or F: Only people on the right use the term ‘liberal’ as an insult or criticism

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Identify the two types of liberalism focus on in this class

Answer 13

Classical liberalism and Reform Liberalism (welfare-state liberalism)

Question 14

Identify two liberals from each group

Answer 14

Classical: John Locke, Adam Smith
Reform: John Rawls, John Maynard Keynes

Question 15

Identify the three tenets of liberalism

Answer 15

Individualism, equality, liberty

Question 16

According to the liberals __________________ has moral weight and priority

Answer 16

Individuals

Question 17

When you treat individuals as ends in themselves and not as means to achieve your own goals, you are respecting _______________.

Answer 17

separateness of person

Question 18

Identify a word or phrase that best captures the meaning of liberty shared by all liberals

Answer 18

absence of constraint, negative constraint, being left alone

Question 19

T or F: Liberals believe that all laws are constraints

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Identify a source of constraint that worry liberals

Answer 20

governmental/ law

Question 21

Identify a word or phrase that best captures the meaning of equality shared by all liberals

Answer 21

equal moral worth, sameness

Question 22

Identify one consequence of this conception of equality

Answer 22

laws apply to everyone, same rights, same liberties

Question 23

Outline the liberal conception of individualism

Answer 23

• Individual has moral weight/ priority /individual is the source of the good life.
• You choose what the good life is for you, choose your own path,
• individual has personal responsibility of how your life goes.
• If each person decides there will be a lot of life plans, but not everything is acceptable (murder/ cannibalism, etc)

Question 24

T or F: Scholars agree that Thomas Hobbes was the ‘father of Liberalism’

Answer 24

False : John Locke

Question 25

John Locke's book ____________ lays out his vision of a liberty society

Answer 25

Two Treatises of Government

Question 26

Identify the three natural rights as outlined by John Locke

Answer 26

life, liberty, and property

Question 27

Outline John Locke's view of private property

Answer 27

- Rights to the fruits of your labour, your body is your property and what it can/can't do, - when you mix your labour (body) with something it is then yours. No one has a claim over your property or what it does. - You have the right to be left alone - Cannot be forced because you own your body (i.e slavery) - Limits what you can/can't do (i.e You cannot kill yourself)

Question 28

According to John Locke, __________ is the only basis for legitimate government

Answer 28

command base argument

Question 29

According to John Locke, using a road or staying at an inn is an example of _____________

Answer 29

inferred consent / indirect consent

Question 30

Identify the two types of consent outlined by Locke

Answer 30

express consent (direct) Tactic consent (indirect)

Question 31

According to classical liberals, government should be limited in two basic ways. Identify these limits

Answer 31

- gov is limited by rule of law - gov is limited by scope

Question 32

Define and state the significance of Adam Smith's work

Answer 32

- Freedom based arguments (combines liberalism and capitalism) - economics (freedom) is just as important as other freedoms - society's need a certain level of wealth - free markets (free society needs a system of wealth) - how capitalism creates wealth

Question 33

What do we call the ideal state preferred by classical liberals

Answer 33

nightwatchman state (equality and moral worth, social contract governed by State)

Question 34

T or F: liberals who decided to reform liberalism in the 20th century did so because they were primarily concerned about the impact of liberalism on vulnerable groups like women, African Americans, and gays/lesbians

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Identify the two factors that motivated some liberals in the early half of the twentieth century to reform liberalism

Answer 35

economic booms and busts and the rise of other ideologies

Question 36

T or F: Isaiah Berlin popularized the negative-positive distinction of liberty

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Identify a word or phrase that best captures the positive conception of liberty

Answer 37

self-determination, self-mastery

Question 38

Aside from reform liberalism, identify one other person or group that advances a positive conception of liberty

Answer 38

Greeks/romans

Question 39

Outline reform liberalism's positive conception of liberty

Answer 39

- liberty is not being subjected to another - higher/lower self (self of mind/ body/ reason in charge) - we only experience positive liberty when self determining - not in control when emotions take over (love, lust, jealousy, etc) i.e romeo and juliet - state needs to provide basic necessities - provide info/education to make decisions/ability to reason - gov can force/coerce you to say you are free - critics made by totalitarianism and paternalism

Question 40

Provide the 2 focus of concern in equality of opportunity

Answer 40

- Legitimate sources are merit-based i.e talent, ambition, hardworking, etc - illegitimate sources are things that aren't impacted i.e sex, religion, race, social class

Question 41

Goals of equality of opportunity (RL)

Answer 41

- Reform liberals believe that States role is to create opportunity. - solution= provide ppl with same opportunities NOT the same treatment - same chances, not same outcomes - state also has to target poor people/ppl that do not have a chance