Test 1 RAM ROM Cache, Secondary memory Flashcards
Explain primary memory (3)
the only storage that is directly accessible by the CPU
The primary memory holds both data and instructions that are currently running on the computer system
These data and instructions are stored in the primary memory as binary machine code
What does the primary memory contain (2)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Explain RAM (4)
type of primary memory that temporarily stores data that the CPU is actively using
Volatile, data is lost once computer is turned off
Instructions and data in the RAM are stored in unique memory locations and every such location has an address
RAM affects computer performance, More RAM —-> Better performance
Explain ROM (3)
Type of primary memory that stores data that cannot be changed or overwritten, meaning it stores permanent data
Non-volatile, ROM retains contents even when computer is turned off. Stores important data (firmware, BIOS)
Holds data and instructions in unique memory locations
Define BIOS
A small program inside ROM that allows the computer to know what to do to find the operating system to ‘boot’
Define Cache
small, high speed memory used to hold frequently used data, so that the CPU doesn’t need to access the much slower DRAM as frequently. It contains SRAM technology
Compare DRAM with SRAM
SRAM is more expensive than DRAM and so DRAM is more preferred for the main RAM of the system
Why does cache speed up processing (3)
Cache can be accessed faster than RAM from the CPU
It holds frequently used instructions and data
Uses SRAM technology and this memory doesn’t need to be refreshed constantly.
How many levels of cache are there?
2 levels
Where does level 1 of cache reside
L1 cache is placed on the microprocessor itself
Where does level 2 cache reside
L2 cache is placed between the primary memory and microprocessor
Explain secondary storage (3)
type of computer storage that is used for long-term data storage
Stores data and programs that are not currently being used or accessed by the computer’s CPU
Has slower access speed but much larger storage capacity than primary memory
List the types of secondary storage (5)
Hard disk drives (HDD)
Solid State Drives (SSD)
Optical discs (CD, DVD)
Cloud storage
Magnetic tapes
How does HDD work (6)
Uses platters
Platters divide into tracks
Platter is spun
Read Write arm moves over platter
Magnetic field control magnetic dots of data
magnetic field determine binary value
Features of SSD (2)
Non-volatile memory
Uses NAND flash memory
