TEST 1 PT2 Flashcards
Roentgen
- discovered x-rays
- first nobel prize for physics
- took 15 min exposure of wife hand
- nov 8, 1895
Walkoff
- first dental radiograph of lower premolar
- submitted himself to 25 min of exposure
- dec 1896
Kells
- first intraoral dental radiograph on live patient
- developed radiation burns leading to amputation of fingers
- April 1986
- discovered x-rays
- first nobel prize for physics
- took 15 min exposure of wife hand
- nov 8, 1895
Roentgen
- first dental radiograph of lower premolar
- submitted himself to 25 min of exposure
- dec 1896
Walkhoff
- first intraoral dental radiograph on live patient
- developed radiation burns leading to amputation of fingers
- April 1986
Kells
Morton
-First dental radiograph on a skull
First dental radiograph on a skull
Morton
Rollins
- wrote first paper on dangers of x-rays
- father of the science of radiation protection
- wrote first paper on dangers of x-rays
- father of the science of radiation protection
Rollins
The science or study of radiation used in medicine; a branch of medical science that deals with the therapeutic use of x-rays, radioactive substances, and other forms of radiant energy.
RADIOLOGY (roentgenology)
An image or picture produced on a receptor (radiation-sensitive film, digital sensor) by exposure to ionizing radiation; a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object.
RADIOGRAPH
A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on receptors (photographic film or digital sensor)
X-rays
Transparent material covered with photographic emulsion.
Film
The act of making or exposing a radiograph
Exposure
PID
Positioning Indicator Device
Any person who positions, exposes, and processes dental x-ray image receptors.
Dental radiographer
Electromagnetic spectrum
Range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
Range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
X-rays are an invisible high energy wave form which are part of what?
The electromagnetic spectrum
Five types of rays that are part of the electromagnetic spectrum?
- Radio
- Gamma
- Visible
- X-rays
- Cosmic
The speed of light is _____ miles per second and __X___^___ cm per second.
The speed of light = 186,000 ml/sec
3X10 ^10 cm per second
How are x-rays produced?
-When high speed electrons are slowed or suddenly stopped
Produced when high speed electrons are slowed or stopped suddenly.
X-rays
Three types of radiation that have MORE energy than visible light.
x-rays
gamma rays
cosmic rays
Two types of radiation which have LESS energy than visible light.
radio rays
micro rays
Wavelength
distance from CREST to CREST
Distance from CREST to CREST
Wavelength
How is wavelength measured?
in Angstroms
Angstroms
How wavelength is measured
The HIGH point of a wave.
CREST
SHORT wavelength has _____energy and _____penetration.
SHORT=HIGH energy
MORE penetration
10 Characteristics of x-rays
- High energy waves
- No mass
- No charge (neutral)
- Travel at speed of light
- Invisible
- Travel in straight lines
- Cannot be focused with a lens
- Adversely affect living tissue (first sign of radiation poisoning reddening of skin or erythema)
- Cause fluoresce
X-rays have a _____ wavelength and a _____ frequency
SHORT wavelength
HIGH frequency
Frequency
NUMBER of CRESTS passing a fixed point
NUMBER of CRESTS passing a fixed point per second
Frequency
How are X-rays measured?
Through ionization
Measured through ionization
x-rays
ionization
production of ions or ion pairs
-by removal of outer ELECTRONS
Production of ions or ion pairs
-by removal of outer ELECTRONS
Ionization
Formed when an electron is removed from an atom in the ionization process
Ion pairs
RAD
Radiation Absorbed Dose
- Amount of energy absorbed by tissue
- International term=GRAY
- Amount of energy absorbed by tissue
- International term=GRAY
RAD
REM
Roentgen Equivalent Man
-Unit of exposure of any type of radiation to which body tissues are exposed
How do x-rays affect the cells in the body?
- By breaking the cell bonds
- killing the cells
- changing the cells from normal to abnormal
- Provide information about things that you cannot see with the naked eye.
- Part of complete diagnosis
- See internal structures of the teeth and jaw.
- Used to determine the presence of certain diseases.
- Needed for a full diagnosis by the dentist.
Purposes of radiographs
- Relied upon to take good quality radiographs.
- Depended on to process, mount correctly.
- Safe use of dental equipment.
- Educate the patient about use of dental radiographs.
Roles of dental auxillary
What is the difference between HARD and SOFT radiation?
Hard radiation has SHORTER wavelengths. GREATER penetrations, 0.1-0.5 A
Soft radiation has LONGER wavelengths and is not useful to dentistry. Grenz rays
HARD radiation has ______ wavelengths and _____ penetration.
SHORTER wavelengths
GREATER penetration
What is the exposure dose?
The amount of radiation directed and absorbed at the patient
The amount of radiation directed and absorbed at the patient per unit of time.
Exposure dose
How is exposure dose expressed?
RADs/sec
Quality factor
Exposure effects of different types of radiation on a common scale
Each type of radiation has a specific ______ ______ based on the fact that different types of radiation produce different types of ______ damage.
quality factor
biological
The quality factor for dental x-rays is….
1
Roentgen (R) =
Roentgen (R)= Coulomb/Kg
RAD=
RAD=GRAY(GY)
REM=
REM=Sievert(SY)
1 Gray= ___RADs
1 GRAY=100 RADS
