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Anatomy 1 > Test 1 osteology > Flashcards

Test 1 osteology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary functions of bones

A 
Support
Movement
Protection
Growth
Storage of minerals
Storage of fat
Blood cell formation
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2
Q

How are bones categorized by shape?

A 
Long
Short
Sesamoid
Flat
Irregular
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3
Q

What are the three centers of ossification for long bones?

A

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

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4
Q

Long straight bone shaft

A

Diaphysis

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5
Q

Contains yellow marrow which reduces weight of bone

A

Medullary cavity

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6
Q

End regions of bone

A

Epiphysis

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7
Q

Region lying between epiphysis and diaphysis

A

Metaphysis

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8
Q

Located between epiphysis and diaphysis in young animals; comprised of cartilage cells

A

Metaphyseal growth plate

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9
Q

Primary site for fractures, infections, metastasis, and the effects of endocrine bone disorders

A

Growth plate

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10
Q

What is Wolfs law?

A

Bone gets remodeled in response to stress placed upon it

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11
Q

The point of contact, or articulation, between two or more bones/cartilages and also provides support and movement to the skeleton

A

A Joint

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12
Q

What are the structural classifications of joints?

A

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

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13
Q

Strong connective tissue unites articulate surfaces of bones
Bones can even fuse ( synostosis )

A

Fibrous joints

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14
Q

Cartilages unites articulate surfaces of bones (limited movement)

A

Cartilaginous joints

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15
Q

Joint cavity between articulate surfaces of bones filled with synovial fluid

A

Synovial joints

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16
Q

All synovial joints are mobile joints

A

Diarthrosis

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17
Q

Semi mobile fibrous and cartilaginous joints

A

Amphiarthrosis

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18
Q

Non mobile fibrous and cartilaginous joints

A

Synarthrosis

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19
Q

What type of surfaces are protected by strong articulate cartilage enclosed within a fluid filled joint cavity

A

Articular surface

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20
Q

Within the joint capsule, which layer blends with the Periosteum of the bones, which ensures resistance?

A

Outer fibrous layer

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21
Q

Within the joint capsule, what is highly vascularized and innervated and also produces synovial fluid for lubrication and nutrition of the articular surfaces

A

Inner synovial membrane

22
Q

Bands of tough fibrous connective tissue

A

Ligaments

23
Q

Fibrocartilages located within a synovial cavity, to stabilize a joint

A

Meniscus

24
Q

How ar synovial joints classified?

A

By number of articulating bones:

1) Simple joint
2) Compound joint

25
Q

How many bones does it take to form a simple joint?

A

Two

26
Q

What type of joint is formed by two bones?

A

Simple joints

27
Q

What are the basic types of joint movement?

A

Gliding/ translation motion and angular motions

28
Q

What are the different types of Angular motions?

A

Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension

29
Q

Decreasing angle between bones

A

Flexion

30
Q

Increasing angle between bones up to 180 degrees

A

Extension

31
Q

Increasing angle past the anatomical position of 180 degrees

A

Hyperextension

32
Q

Moving away from median plane

A

Abduction

33
Q

Moving towards median plane

A

Addiction

34
Q

Movement circumscribing a cone shape

A

Circumduction

35
Q

How does skeletal muscle attach to bones?

A

Tendons

36
Q

Which point of a tendon is the proximal attachment and is usually a fixed point?

A

Tendon of origin

37
Q

Which point of a tendon is a distal attachment and usually the point moved by muscle contraction?

A

Tendon of insertion

38
Q

A flat, sheet-like tendon; allows muscle to have a broader attachment

A

Aponeurosis

39
Q

Small bone embedded in a muscle tendon

A

Sesamoid bone

40
Q

Band holding down tendons to a bone surface

A

Reticulum

41
Q

Synovial fluid filled bag separating a tendon from a hard surface, protecting against wear, easing its gliding

A

Synovial bursa

42
Q

Synovial fluid filled glove completely surrounding a tendon, easing its gliding under a reticulum

A

Synovial tendon sheath

43
Q

They are leaves enveloping and isolating muscle groups that function as units

A

Fascia and fascia planes

44
Q

A leaf of loose connective tissue under skin, easily torn

A

Superficial fascia

45
Q
  • A thick leaf of dense connective tissue from which some muscles may originate or insert, attaches to bone
  • Sends dividing walls deep between muscles, separate muscle groups/layers into facial planes
A

Deep fascia

46
Q

Muscle with several fleshy units separated by tendons ( ex. Rectus abdominis)

A

Polygastris muscle

47
Q

Fibers arranged into rings that surround natural openings (ex. Orbicularis oris m., external anal sphincter)

A

Sphincter muscles

48
Q

Multiple heads merging into one tendon of insertion

A

Biceps brachii m.
Triceps brachii m.
Quadriceps femoris m.

49
Q

What attaches muscle to bone?

A

Tendons

50
Q

What attaches bone to bone?

A

Ligaments

51
Q

What are bands holding down tendons to the surface of a bone?

A

Retinacula

Anatomy 1 (2 decks)

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