Test 1 osteology

Question 1

What are the primary functions of bones

Answer 1

Support
Movement
Protection
Growth
Storage of minerals
Storage of fat
Blood cell formation

Question 2

How are bones categorized by shape?

Answer 2

Long
Short
Sesamoid
Flat
Irregular

Question 3

What are the three centers of ossification for long bones?

Answer 3

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

Question 4

Long straight bone shaft

Answer 4

Diaphysis

Question 5

Contains yellow marrow which reduces weight of bone

Answer 5

Medullary cavity

Question 6

End regions of bone

Answer 6

Epiphysis

Question 7

Region lying between epiphysis and diaphysis

Answer 7

Metaphysis

Question 8

Located between epiphysis and diaphysis in young animals; comprised of cartilage cells

Answer 8

Metaphyseal growth plate

Question 9

Primary site for fractures, infections, metastasis, and the effects of endocrine bone disorders

Answer 9

Growth plate

Question 10

What is Wolfs law?

Answer 10

Bone gets remodeled in response to stress placed upon it

Question 11

The point of contact, or articulation, between two or more bones/cartilages and also provides support and movement to the skeleton

Answer 11

A Joint

Question 12

What are the structural classifications of joints?

Answer 12

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

Question 13

Strong connective tissue unites articulate surfaces of bones
Bones can even fuse ( synostosis )

Answer 13

Fibrous joints

Question 14

Cartilages unites articulate surfaces of bones (limited movement)

Answer 14

Cartilaginous joints

Question 15

Joint cavity between articulate surfaces of bones filled with synovial fluid

Answer 15

Synovial joints

Question 16

All synovial joints are mobile joints

Answer 16

Diarthrosis

Question 17

Semi mobile fibrous and cartilaginous joints

Answer 17

Amphiarthrosis

Question 18

Non mobile fibrous and cartilaginous joints

Answer 18

Synarthrosis

Question 19

What type of surfaces are protected by strong articulate cartilage enclosed within a fluid filled joint cavity

Answer 19

Articular surface

Question 20

Within the joint capsule, which layer blends with the Periosteum of the bones, which ensures resistance?

Answer 20

Outer fibrous layer

Question 21

Within the joint capsule, what is highly vascularized and innervated and also produces synovial fluid for lubrication and nutrition of the articular surfaces

Answer 21

Inner synovial membrane

Question 22

Bands of tough fibrous connective tissue

Answer 22

Ligaments

Question 23

Fibrocartilages located within a synovial cavity, to stabilize a joint

Answer 23

Meniscus

Question 24

How ar synovial joints classified?

Answer 24

By number of articulating bones:

1) Simple joint
2) Compound joint

Question 25

How many bones does it take to form a simple joint?

Answer 25

Two

Question 26

What type of joint is formed by two bones?

Answer 26

Simple joints

Question 27

What are the basic types of joint movement?

Answer 27

Gliding/ translation motion and angular motions

Question 28

What are the different types of Angular motions?

Answer 28

Flexion Extension Hyperextension

Question 29

Decreasing angle between bones

Answer 29

Flexion

Question 30

Increasing angle between bones up to 180 degrees

Answer 30

Extension

Question 31

Increasing angle past the anatomical position of 180 degrees

Answer 31

Hyperextension

Question 32

Moving away from median plane

Answer 32

Abduction

Question 33

Moving towards median plane

Answer 33

Addiction

Question 34

Movement circumscribing a cone shape

Answer 34

Circumduction

Question 35

How does skeletal muscle attach to bones?

Answer 35

Tendons

Question 36

Which point of a tendon is the proximal attachment and is usually a fixed point?

Answer 36

Tendon of origin

Question 37

Which point of a tendon is a distal attachment and usually the point moved by muscle contraction?

Answer 37

Tendon of insertion

Question 38

A flat, sheet-like tendon; allows muscle to have a broader attachment

Answer 38

Aponeurosis

Question 39

Small bone embedded in a muscle tendon

Answer 39

Sesamoid bone

Question 40

Band holding down tendons to a bone surface

Answer 40

Reticulum

Question 41

Synovial fluid filled bag separating a tendon from a hard surface, protecting against wear, easing its gliding

Answer 41

Synovial bursa

Question 42

Synovial fluid filled glove completely surrounding a tendon, easing its gliding under a reticulum

Answer 42

Synovial tendon sheath

Question 43

They are leaves enveloping and isolating muscle groups that function as units

Answer 43

Fascia and fascia planes

Question 44

A leaf of loose connective tissue under skin, easily torn

Answer 44

Superficial fascia

Question 45

- A thick leaf of dense connective tissue from which some muscles may originate or insert, attaches to bone - Sends dividing walls deep between muscles, separate muscle groups/layers into facial planes

Answer 45

Deep fascia

Question 46

Muscle with several fleshy units separated by tendons ( ex. Rectus abdominis)

Answer 46

Polygastris muscle

Question 47

Fibers arranged into rings that surround natural openings (ex. Orbicularis oris m., external anal sphincter)

Answer 47

Sphincter muscles

Question 48

Multiple heads merging into one tendon of insertion

Answer 48

Biceps brachii m. Triceps brachii m. Quadriceps femoris m.

Question 49

What attaches muscle to bone?

Answer 49

Tendons

Question 50

What attaches bone to bone?

Answer 50

Ligaments

Question 51

What are bands holding down tendons to the surface of a bone?

Answer 51

Retinacula