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IDC Bioscience I > TEST 1 - Neuro > Flashcards

TEST 1 - Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

The ________________ Nervous System consist of Efferent neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscle

A

Somatic

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2
Q

Somatic Nervous System (SNS): consists of

A

efferent neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscle tissue

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3
Q

Voluntary Movement is controlled by the

A

Somatic Nervous System

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4
Q

Somatic Nervous System is under conscious or unconscious control?

A

The SNS is under conscious control and therefore voluntary

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5
Q

The ______________________ consists of Efferent neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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6
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is made of what 3 components

A

ANS consist of the:

  1. sympathetic nervous system
  2. parasympathetic nervous system
  3. enteric nervous system
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7
Q

ANS is responsible for ____________ innervation of various organ systems

A

involuntary

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8
Q

ANS Produces responses in____________ muscles and glands

A

involuntary

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9
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System is Formed by the ___________ & __________ nerves

A

Cranial & Spinal Nerves

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10
Q

PNS is divided into Afferent and Efferent Systems, and further subdivided into:

A

a. somatic nervous system and

b. autonomic nervous system

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11
Q

Parasympathetic system _____________ or _________________ organ activity.

A

inhibits or decreases organ activity

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12
Q

Viscera receive nerve fibers from the two divisions of the ANS that have largely opposing actions

A

1) Sympathetic (thoracolumbar) nervous system division

2) Parasympathetic (craniosacral) nervous system division

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13
Q

Parasympathetic (craniosacral) nervous system division

A

inhibits or decreases organ activity

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14
Q

CNS Development begins in the?

A

3rd week of gestation

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15
Q

______________ folds inward and forms a longitudinal groove

A

Neural Plate/Groove

Neural Groove forms early in 3rd week of pregnancy

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16
Q

Embryonic layer that forms skin and CNS

A

Ectoderm

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17
Q

Which vesicle develops into mid brain

A

Mesencephalon

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18
Q

When the neural tube is formed, the anterior portion develops into THREE enlarged areas called vesicles: PMR

A
  1. Prosencephalon: forebrain vesicle
  2. Mesencephalon: mid-brain vesicle
  3. Rhombencephalon: hind-brain vesicle
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19
Q

Diencephalon consists of the?

A

hypothalamus and thalamus

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20
Q

The Marginal Layer develops into?

A

White Matter

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21
Q

Cells of the wall that enclose the neural tube develop into THREE Layers

A

Marginal Outer Layer (white matter)
Mantle Layer (gray matter)
Ependymal Inner Layer (ventricle linings)

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22
Q

Ventral

A

White Matter, Myelinated, Efferent

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23
Q

Dorsal

A

Grey Matter, Afferent

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24
Q

Conus Medullaris is anchored by an extension of pia to the?

A

Coccyx

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25
Q

CSF is found in the Ventricles, Cisterns and?

A

subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord

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26
Q

____ of CSF produced daily?

A

4-500cc of CSF are produced and reabsorbed daily… 21cc/hr or 0.35cc/min

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27
Q

Due to the rigid skull structure, an increase in volume cannot occur without an?

A

Increase in pressure

= Decreased CBF or Herniation of Brain

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28
Q

CSF is primarily produced by the

A

Choriod Plexus of Cerebral Ventricles;

Small amounts produced by the Ependymal Cells and through Blood Brain Barrier Leakage

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29
Q

CSF circulates from 3rd to 4th ventricle via the

A

Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius

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30
Q

CSF flows

A
  1. lateral ventricles through the
  2. intraventricular foramina of Monro into the
  3. 3rd ventricle, through the
  4. Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius into the 4th ventricle, and
  5. through the median aperture of the 4th ventricle (foramen of Magendie)
  6. and the lateral apertures of the fourth ventricle (foramina of Luschka)
  7. into the cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna).
  8. From the cerebellomedullary cistern , CSF enters the
  9. subarachnoid space,
  10. circulating around the brain and spinal cord before being absorbed in arachnoid granulations over the cerebral hemispheres
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31
Q

Regarding an Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Fusion, all are true except?

A

deep extubation

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32
Q

CSF absorption is directly proportional to

A

ICP

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33
Q

CSF Absorption relationship to ICP and CVP

A
  1. directly proportional to ICP

2. inversely proportional to CVP

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34
Q

Where is most CSF absorbed and how often is the entire volume replaced?

A

Most Fluid is absorbed by Sagittal Sinus

Entire Volume Replaced every 3-4hrs

35
Q

Umbilicus Sensory Dermatome?

A

T10

36
Q

Brachial Plexus located at

A

C5-C8, T1

Constitutes the entire nerve supply for upper extremities and shoulder region

37
Q

Sacral Plexus innervates and where does it originate?

A

Buttock’s, perineum and lower extremities

L4-S4

38
Q

Which conveys sensory stimuli from receptors in the periphery to the CNS

A

Afferent

39
Q

Bundle of nerve roots beyond the end of spinal cord

A

a. Cauda Equina

40
Q

Brain Stem consists of medulla oblongata, midbrain and

A

Pons

41
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed?

A

V, VII, IX, X/5,7,9,10:

Trigeminal 5, Facial 7, Glossopharyngeal 9, Vagus 10

42
Q

“Oh oh oh to touch and feel a virgin girl’s vagina and hinny”

A 
I. Olfactory nerve.
II. Optic nerve.
III. Oculomotor nerve.
IV. Trochlear nerve.
V. Trigeminal nerve.
VI. Abducens nerve.
VII. Facial nerve.
VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve.
IX. glossopharyngeal nerve 
X. vagus nerve
XI. accessory nerve
XII. hypoglossal nerve
43
Q

Spinal nerves are sensory, motor nerves or mixed?

A

Spinal nerves are Mixed; combine both sensory and motor.

44
Q

Sensory neuron, what does they do

A

Pass impulse from receptor to a terminating axon in the CNS

45
Q

Association Neuron

A

Mediates impulses between the sensory and motor neurons

46
Q

Two hemispheres of the Cerebellum are separated by the

A

Falx Cerebelli

47
Q

The Cerebellum?

A

Second-largest portion of the brain, occupies inferior and posterior aspects of the cranial cavity;
Separated from the Cerebrum by the transverse fissure and the tentorium cerebelli

48
Q

CBF ____ % of cardiac output

A

15-20% (18%)

49
Q

Brain oxygen consumption (CMRO2)

A

20%

50
Q

Hypothermia stabilizes brain-blood barrier by decreasing PaCO2? and?

A

Decreasing CBF

51
Q

Hypothermia

A

Decreases both CMR & CBF

52
Q

Which doesn’t cross the BBB

A

Mannitol

53
Q

The movement of a given substance across the blood– brain barrier is governed simultaneously by its ….

A

size
charge,
lipid solubility
degree of protein binding in blood

54
Q

Acute Hypertonicity of plasma

A

pulls water out of the brain

55
Q

CBF is constant between

A

MAP 60-160mmHg

56
Q

Pressures greater than 150-160 mm Hg can disrupt….

A

the blood brain barrier causing cerebral edema or cerebral hemorrhage.

57
Q

SEP monitoring, what should you not use

A

Roc and N2O

58
Q

Pathology consistent with Oculomotor cranial nerve

A

strabismus and double vision

59
Q

CN III: Oculomotor

A

(Primarily Motor)
Movement of eyelid and eyeball, pupil constriction, proprioception.
Injury: Strabismus, ptosis, pupil dilation, double vision, deviation of eyeball

60
Q

Which space separates the dura from the arachnoid membrane

A

subdural space

61
Q

Subarachnoid space is between

A

arachnoid and pia

62
Q

Ependymal cells found in the

A

central canal and ventricles

63
Q

Ependymal cells which 2 -dentrocytes?

A

Astrocytes and oligo -dentrocytes

64
Q

Astrocytes

A

supportive tissue to neural cells, act as guide wires during development

65
Q

Oligodentrocytes

A

form myelin

66
Q

Ependymal cells

A

form CSF at maturation

67
Q

Posterior fontanel joins

A

occipital and parietal bones

68
Q

Cerebrum structure

A

Largest portion of brain

Cerebrum spreads over the diencephalon and occupies most of the cranium

69
Q

Circle of Willis fed by basilar artery and…

A

pair of internal carotid arteries

70
Q

When the Circle of Willis is complete, it contains two posterior communicating arteries and?

A

an anterior communicating artery

71
Q

The Basilar Artery is formed from

A

two vertebral arteries

72
Q

Vasomotor center responsible for blood vessel diameter

A

Medulla

73
Q

Contains vital reflex centers (force and contraction of heartbeat, medullary rhythmicity of breathing, and blood vessel diameter)

A

Medulla

74
Q

Medulla contains nuclei of origin for which cranial nerves?

A

Contains nuclei of origin for CNs VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII (8,9,10,11,12)

75
Q

The most common brain aneurysm is found in the?

A

Anterior Circle of Willis

76
Q

Communicating Hydrocephalus

A

Is NON-OBSTRUCTIVE;

77
Q

Which type of hydrocephalus is there is obstruction in the subarachnoid space due to thickening of the arachnoid with resultant Blockage of Return-Flow Channels

A

Communicating Hydrocephalus

78
Q

Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus

A

Is Obstructive

79
Q

Which type of Hydrocephalus is most common?

A

Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus

80
Q

Ventral (anterior) roots constitute

A

Motor outflow tracts from the spinal cord***(AVE)

81
Q

CPP is mostly dependent on

A

MAP

82
Q

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)

A

CPP = MAP – ICP

PRIMARILY dependent on MAP

83
Q

Normal CPP = ?

A

80 – 100 mmHg

84
Q

Arachnoid Granulations responsible for absorption of CSF are located where?

A

Superior Sagital Sinus

IDC Bioscience I (1 decks)

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