Test 1 Mod 1-2

Question 1

Program

Answer 1

set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task
Commonly referred to as Software

Question 2

Hardware

Answer 2

The physical devices that make up a computer
Typical major components:
Central processing unit
Main memory
Secondary storage devices
Input and output devices

Question 3

Byte

Answer 3

just enough memory to store letter or small number
Divided into eight bits
Bit: electrical component that can hold positive or negative charge, like on/off switch

Question 4

ASCII

Answer 4

Most important coding scheme is ASCII

ASCII is limited: defines codes for only 128 characters

Question 5

Unicode

Answer 5

coding scheme becoming standard
Compatible with ASCII
Can represent characters for other languages

Question 6

CPU

Answer 6

designed to perform simple operations on pieces of data
Examples: reading data, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing numbers
To carry out meaningful calculation, CPU must perform many operations

Question 7

Key Words

Answer 7

predefined words used to write program in high-level language
Each key word has specific meaning

Question 8

Operators

Answer 8

perform operations on data

Example: math operators to perform arithmetic

Question 9

Syntax

Answer 9

set of rules to be followed when writing program

Question 10

Statement

Answer 10

individual instruction used in high-level language

Question 11

Compiler

Answer 11

: translates high-level language program into separate machine language program
Machine language program can be executed at any time

Question 12

Interpreter

Answer 12

translates and executes instructions in high-level language program
Python uses an interpreter
Interprets one instruction at a time
No separate machine language program

Question 13

Source Code

Answer 13

statements written by programmer

Question 14

Program development cycle

Answer 14

Design the program
Write the code
Correct syntax errors
Test the program
Correct logic errors

Question 15

Algorithim

Answer 15

set of well-defined logical steps that must be taken to perform a task

Question 16

Psuedocode

Answer 16

Uses English-like phrases and terms to outline a task

Question 17

Flowchart

Answer 17

Graphically depicts the logical steps to carry out a task

shows how the steps relate to each other

Question 18

Function

Answer 18

piece of prewritten code that performs an operation

print()

Question 19

string

Answer 19

sequence of characters that is used as data

Question 20

String Literal

Answer 20

string that appears in actual code of a program

must be enclosed in single (‘) or double (“) quote marks

Question 21

Variable

Answer 21

Name that represents a value stored in the computer memory
Used to access and manipulate data stored in memory
A variable references the value it represents

Question 22

Input

Answer 22

function displays a prompt (based on argument passed to function call) and waits for user input

Question 23

Float

Answer 23

() function converts the string value returned from the input function into a number (specifically, a floating-point number).

Question 24

//

Answer 24

integer division that divides one number by another and gives the result as a whole number

Question 25

%

Answer 25

Remainder division divides one number by another and shows the remainder

Question 26

**

Answer 26

Exponent raises number to a power

Question 27

Concatenation

Answer 27

taking multiple strings and combining them into a new string

when working with strings, the + symbol means concatenation

Question 28

Augmented Assignemtn

Answer 28

An augmented assignment allows a variable to be part of the expression.
pay = + 20
pay += 20

Question 29

Simultaneous Assignement

Answer 29

Multiple assignments in single statement

Question 30

Split

Answer 30

method will take multiple input values and separate them. By default, it separates at the spaces, but a delimiter value could be used to separate on another character.

Question 31

Escape Sequences

Answer 31

Backspace         \b			
Tab                    \t			
Linefeed            \n			
Backslash          \\			
Single Quote      \' 			
Double Quote     \"

Question 32

Delimeter

Answer 32

Character used in place of default character

end='delimiter' 
causes print() to place delimiter at end of data instead of newline character
sep='delimiter' 
causes print() to use delimiter as item separator

Question 33

Format

Answer 33

Can format display of numbers on screen using built-in format() function
Two arguments:
Numeric value to be formatted
Format specifier
Returns string containing formatted number
Format specifier typically includes precision and data type
Can be used to indicate scientific notation, comma separators, and the minimum field width used to display the value

Question 34

Objects

Answer 34

all data—including numbers and strings—are actually objects.

Object
is an entity
each object has an id and a type
objects of the same kind have the same type
can use the id function and type function to get these information for an object

Question 35

len()

Answer 35

len() returns the number of characters in the string

Question 36

max()

Answer 36

max() returns the character with the highest value (ASCII)

Question 37

min()

Answer 37

min() returns the character with the lowest value