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Pharmacology 2 > Test 1 MOA and Unique stuff only > Flashcards

Test 1 MOA and Unique stuff only Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of Levodopa?

A

Levodopa is a pro drug that delivers dopamine to the brain.

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2
Q

What is the method of action of levodopa carbidopa?

A

carbidopa has no therapeutic effects alone. This means that you can give somebody a boat load of carbidopa and it will not do anything.

It inhibits dopa-decarboxylase in the periphery which allows more of the inactive form of levodopa to cross through the blood brain barrier where it is then metabolized into dopa, thus increasing the dopamine levels in the brain.

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3
Q

What is the method of action of dopamine agonist?

A

They caused direct activation of dopamine receptors in the brain.

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4
Q

What is the method of action of Pramipexole and Robinirole.

A

They bind selectively to central dopamine receptors.

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5
Q

MOA of COMT-

A

(catechol-O-methyltransferase) are responsible for the metabolism levodopa in the periphery along with dopadecarboxilase as well as catecholamines in general.

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6
Q

MOA of COMT inhibitors-

A

Work By blocking catechol-O-methyltransferase or COMP from metabolizing levadopa…..so that the levels of levodopa can rise in the periphery without having to increase the dose.

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7
Q

MOA of MAO- Monoamine Oxidase

A

is an enzyme responsible for breaking down some of our neurotransmitters. So if we block MAO our neurotransmitters will increase.

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8
Q

MOA of MAO-B- Monoamine Oxidase-B

A

is responsible for breaking down or metabolizing dopamine in our brain. It can metabolize endoginous dopamine as well as dopamine created by Levadopa.

So inhibitting MAO-B will essientially increase dopamine levels in the brain.

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9
Q

MOA of MAO-B inhibitors-

A

supress the metabolism of endoginous and dopamine created by levadopa in the brain thus allowing dopamine levels to rise without increasing the amount of Levadopa given.

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10
Q

MOA of MAO-A-

A

metabolizes norepinepherine and seritonin in the brain and is used to treat depression disorders.

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Selegiline?

A

Suppresses the destruction of dopamine in the brain. This can be endoginous dopamine or dopamine created by Levadopa.

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Benztropine?

A

Relieves symptoms of Parkinson’s disease by blocking muscarinic receptors in the brain, thus restoring balance. (brings normal level of Acetylcholine down to match depleted level of dopamine)

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13
Q

What is the MOA of Acetylcholinesterase?

A

It metabolizes Acetylcholine.

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14
Q

What is the MOA of Cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine in the brain by Acetylcholinesterase, thus increasing the availability at the muscarinic receptors.

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Tacrine and its important characteristics? (First Alzheimers drug)

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor, HEPATOXICITY, short half life requiring 4 times a day dosing. (not an ideal drug)

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16
Q

What is the MOA of Donepezil and it’s important characteristics? (Second Alzheimers Drug)

A 
Cholinesterase inhibitor,
VERY EXPENSIVE,
dose is 5-10mg a day,
Nonhepatoxic
Better tolerated than tacrine
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17
Q

What is the MOA of rivastigmine?

A

IRREVERSIBLE Cholinesterase inhibitor

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18
Q

What is the MOA of Galantmine?

A

Reversible Cholinesterase inhibitor

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19
Q

What is the MOA of Memantine?

A

Modulates Glutamate or Glutamic Acid which is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

20
Q

What is Glutamate?

A

It is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

21
Q

**Phenytoin serum target

A

10-20 mcg/ml.

MOA of Phenytoin- inhibits sodium channels.

22
Q

Unique Pharmacokinetics of Phenytoin

A

M&M Drug

23
Q

Carbamazepine Serum target

A

4-12 mcg/ml

MOA- Inhibits sodium and calcium channels.

24
Q

Unique Pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine

A

Auto Induction

25
Q

Valproic acid serum target

A

50-150 mcg/ml

MOA- works through sodium, calcium, and GABA

26
Q

Unique Pharmacokinetics of Valproic Acid

A

Enzyme Inhibitor

27
Q

Phenobarbitol serum target

A

20-40 mcg/ml

28
Q

Phenobarbitol unique pharmacokinetics

A

Enzyme inducer

29
Q

MOA of Clozapine

A

Dopamine and Serotonin Blockade

30
Q

MOA of Abilify

A

Partial Agonist of dopamine, no weight gain

31
Q

Unique ADR of Clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis

32
Q

Unique ADR’s of Atypical Antipsychotics

A

Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

33
Q

Unique ADR’s of Traditional Antipsychotics

A

Sexual Dysfunction,
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome,
Dysrhythmias (Torsade),
and Tardive Dyskinesia.

34
Q

Drug therapy:

Mechanisms of actions of seizure medications:

A

suppression of sodium influx,
suppression of calcium influx,

antagonism of glutamate,

and potentiation of GABA.

35
Q

suppression of sodium influx

A

decreases the ability of neurons to fire at high frequency. Slows down the focal area and surrounding neurons.

36
Q

suppression of calcium influx

A

if you suppress calcium influx it can supress neurotransmission.

37
Q

antagonism of glutamate

A

**Glutamate is the primary neurotransmitter in the CNS.

If you block the action of glutamate it decreases the neuronal excitement that can occur.

(Glutamate Excites)

38
Q

potentiation of GABA

A

**GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

Several different drugs work to increase the levels of GABA.

(GABA Suppresses)

39
Q

Serotonin / Norepinepherine Reuptake Inhibitors

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine MOA:

A

Powerful Blockade of serotonin and Norepinepherine, so that more can hang out in the synapse and stimulate the receptor sites.

40
Q

Monoamine Oxidase

A

It is responsible for the breakdown of serotonin and norepinepherine

41
Q

Therapeutic Lithium levels

A

0.4 – 1

42
Q

Plasma levels of lithium while being treated for mania

A

0.8 - 1.4

43
Q

Amtriptyline MOA

A

increases norepinepherine in the brain

44
Q

Fluoxetine MOA

A

Keep serotonin out of the synapse longer so that it has more time to interact with the receptors

45
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (MOA=

A

increases norepinepherine in the brain

Pharmacology 2 (7 decks)

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