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ANAP 520 > TEST 1: MICROCIRCULATION > Flashcards

TEST 1: MICROCIRCULATION Flashcards

1
Q

Blood vessels are divided into 3 layers called _____

A

Tunics

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2
Q

Outer most layer of the blood vessel

A

Tunica adventitia

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3
Q

Middle layer of the blood vessel is the tunica _______

A

Tunica Media

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4
Q

Inner most layer of the blood vessel is the Tunica ______

A

Tunica Intima

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5
Q

Large blood vessels need their own blood supply which is called what?

A

Vaso vasorum

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6
Q

Type of nerve that innervates the smooth muscle of blood vessels

A

Sympathetic nerve

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7
Q

Made up of connective tissue; anchors the blood vessel down

A

Tunica adventitia

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8
Q

These two things make up the tunica media

A

External elastic membrane

Smooth muscle

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9
Q

Allows BV to recoil to original state; keeps elastic/firm

A

External elastic membrane (of tunica media)

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10
Q

Smooth muscle of the tunica media is what gives the ability for the BV to _______ and _________.

A

Dilate and Constrict

More muscle = more ability to dilate/constrict

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11
Q

4 parts that make up the tunica intima

A

Internal elastic membrane
Lamina propria
Basement membrane
Endothelium

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12
Q

Fxn of internal elastic membrane

A

Same as external, allows BC to recoil to original state

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13
Q

Smooth muscle and connective tissue layer of the tunica intima

A

Lamina propria

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14
Q

Provides support to the inner most layer of the tunica intima, the endothelium.

A

Basement membrane

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15
Q

Layer of the BV in direct contact with the blood

A

Endothelium

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16
Q

Two basic types of arteries

A

Large elastic artery

Muscular artery

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17
Q

This type of artery is composed mostly of (tunica media) elastic tissue to allow recoil when stretched

A

Large elastic artery

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18
Q

This type of artery has a very thick tunica media layer of smooth muscle so it can dilate and constrict; control blood flow

A

Muscular artery

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19
Q

Veins tend to be _______ than arteries

A

Thinner

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20
Q

Veins do have some ________ so they can dilate and constrict, but not as much as arteries

A

Smooth muscle

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21
Q

Veins have ______ that allow for one way flow to propel blood back to the heart

A

Valves

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22
Q

Large arteries > medium arteries > smallarteries > arterioles > _________ >__________

A

Metarterioles

Capillaries

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23
Q

Known as “exchange vessels”; very well adapted for exchange of O2, nutrients, and fluid.

A

Capillaries

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24
Q

Capillaries are composed of a _______ and endothelial cells; provides structure.

A

Basement membrane

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25
Q

Capillaries have a very small diameter; so _______ have to line up to pass through

A

RBC’s

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26
Q

________ of RBC to enter capillary favors release of O2 to interstitial and cells; reason why they need to be a certain shape and pliable.

A

Compression

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27
Q

Arterioles turn into metarterioles, which turn into what?

A

Capillary network

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28
Q

This allows for unobstructed blood flow all the way from the arterial end of the capillary network, to the venous end.

A

Thoroughfare channels

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29
Q

Bands of smooth muscle wrapped around capillaries; used to constrict/dilate to regulate bloodflow through capillary network

A

Precapillary sphincter

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30
Q

What determines whether the precapillary sphincter constricts or dilates?

A

The O2 demand of the tissue supplied by the capillary network

31
Q

If tissue supplied by a capillary network is in highly metabolic, large O2 demand, the precapillary sphincters will CONSTRICT/RELAX.

A

RELAX

32
Q

What is the point of relaxation of precapillary sphincters when O2 demand etc is high?

A

Allows more blood flow and more O2/nutrients are delivered to the tissue

33
Q

If tissue supplied by network is not very metabolic, not requiring much O2, precapillary sphincters will CONSTRICT/DILATE.

A

CONSTRICT

34
Q

What happens when precapillary sphincters are constricted to the tissue they supply?

A

Blood is shunted elsewhere where it is needed more.

35
Q

What are some vasodilators that cause precapillary sphincters to relax

A 
CO2
Lactate
Histamine
Adenosine
K+
H+
Decreased pH
Decreased glucose in tissues
Nitric oxide
Etc
36
Q

Blood pressure decreased as it moves throughout the vascular system. TRUE/FALSE.

A

TRUE

37
Q

Decreasing blood pressure throughout the vascular system allows for ________ blood flow, down a pressure gradient.

A

One way

38
Q

There is no systolic or diastolic pressure beyond the _________ level; one pressure, one number.

A

Capillary

39
Q

As blood approaches the heart via the vena cava; pressure approaches ______.

A

Zero

40
Q

Objective of the arterial end of the capillary is _________; movement of fluid from capillary to interstitium.

A

Filtration

41
Q

There are ____ pressures that favor/oppose filtration.

A

4

42
Q

Pressure fluid is placing on the walls of the capillary.

A

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (CHP)

43
Q

CHP favors ________.

A

Filtration

44
Q

Negative interstitial fluid pressure favors ________ of fluid from the capillary to the _________.

A

Filtration

Interstitium

45
Q

Negative IFP is caused by what?

A

Terminal lymphatic vessels

46
Q

Terminal lymphatic vessels sit right outside of capillaries and transport fluid from the lymphatic system to the _______ veins and eventually back to circulation.

A

Subclavian veins

47
Q

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (PCOP) ________ filtration; composed of proteins, primarily ______; favors holding fluid in the _______.

A

OPPOSES filtration

Albumin

Capillary

48
Q

The proteins present in the interstitial fluid account for this pressure

A

Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (IFCOP)

49
Q

Under normal conditions, proteins are too large to move across pores in capillaries, so they stay in the vascular system; but some do get to the interstitial compartment. TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

50
Q

Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure IFCOP favors _________.

A

Filtration

51
Q

How to calculate net arterial FILTRATION pressure

A

Outward minus inward

CHP+ -IFP+ IFCOP) - (PCOP

52
Q

Objective at the venous end of the capillary is _________ of fluid back into capillary.

A

Reabsorption

53
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure CHP will INCREASE/DECREASE at the venous end of the capillary.

Why?

A

DECREASE

Fluid was filtered out on the arterial end

54
Q

How to calculate net venous reabsorption pressure

A

Inward minus outward

PCOP - (CHP+-IFP+IFCOP)

55
Q

What prevents accumulation of fluid in the interstitium when net filtration pressure is greater than reabsorption pressure?

A

Terminal lymphatic vessels

56
Q

What are 3 things that could increase CHP?

A

Increased blood pressure
Increased vascular volume
HF/increased CVP

57
Q

Increased CHP at the arterial side favors _______

A

Filtration

58
Q

Increased CHP on the venous side of the capillary bed opposes ________

A

Reabsorption

59
Q

The net effect of increased CHP is what 2 things?

A

Interstitial edema

Decreased vascular volume

60
Q

In what condition is increased CHP and interstitial edema a compensatory mechanism to decrease vascular volume

A

HF

61
Q

What might cause decreased CHP? (2)

A

Decreased BP

Decreased vascular volume

62
Q

Decreased CHP at the arterial side of the capillary opposes ________; at the venous side, it favors _______.

A

Opposes filtration

Favors reabsorption

63
Q

Net effect of decreased CHP

A

More volume stays in the systemic circulation

64
Q

What can cause decreased PCOP

A

Hypoalbuminemia

65
Q

What are two things that can cause hypoalbuminemia?

A

Malnutrition

Liver disease

66
Q

Decreased PCOP favors ___________ at the arterial end and opposes _________ at the venous end.

A

Favors filtration

Opposes reabsorption

67
Q

Net effect of decreased PCOP

A

Interstitial edema

Decreased vascular volume

68
Q

Leaky capillaries and loss of albumin to interstitial fluid increases _________ pressure.

A

IFCOP

69
Q

What are 3 possible causes of increased IFCOP; cause increased capillary permeability

A

Sepsis
Traumatic injury
Severe burns

70
Q

Increased IFCOP at the arterial side of the capillary favors _______ ; opposes _________ at the venous end

A

Favors filtration

Opposes reabsorption

71
Q

Net effect of increased IFCOP

A

Interstitial edema

Decreased vascular volume

72
Q

To treat increased IFCOP; your should give albumin. TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

Need to wait until inflammatory response comes down, then can give albumin

73
Q

What could cause lymphatic obstruction?

A

Central line
Tumor
Cancer
Lymphadenectomy

74
Q

Lymphatic obstruction allows for accumulation of ___________ in the interstitial space bc dont have terminal lymphatics sucking up fluid.

A

Albumin (and fluid)

ANAP 520 (6 decks)

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