Test 1 - Mental Health Treatments & Bio-psycho-social model Flashcards
Bio, psycho, social treatments for concurrent disorders
What is motivational interviewing?
psycho-social treatment
Interviewing in a client-centred counselling style
Typically elicits behavioural change and helps the client to explore and resolve ambivalence
Helps the client:
identify how thoughts and feelings interact to produce patterns in behaviour
Challenge thought patterns and implement alternative behaviours
What is cognitive behavioural therapy?
Also known as CBT
- psycho-social treatment
-teaching, coaching, and reinforcing positive behaviours - structured and problem-oriented
-helps people identify cognitive patterns or thoughts and emotions that are linked with behaviour - typically brief/limited time
requires sound therapeutic relationships with qualified CBT practitioner - guided to discover new ways of thinking, based on an educational model using logic and reasoning (specific questioning)
What is Group Therapy?
psycho-social treatment
- professionally lead
- can include many treatment types
-usually, session and topic-driven - can be open or closed
What is Family Therapy?
psycho-social treatment
- professionally lead
-usually, session and topic-driven
-Educational: Learn about addiction or mental illness - Family members may be involved with the client’s treatment
- family members may also enter therapy for themselves
What is Contingency Management?
Psycho-social treatment
- Systematic application of incentives and/or disincentives for change in target behaviours.
- Tangible rewards are given to clients to achieve certain goals.
- Rewards examples: cash, vouchers for food, privileges.
- Research indicates strong positive outcomes when used.
What is a Peer Support Group?
Psycho-social treatment
- For example AA (alcoholics anonymous)
- may be led by a ‘peer’ but with a professional nearby
- generally, less structures than group therapy
- Main Idea: clients may be able to better ‘understand’ education when delivered by someone who has had an addiction or mental health history. For some, this can increase motivation towards goals
Typically, what are biological treatments?
Medications
What are the four main categories of biological treatments we are learning?
1) anti-anxiety
2) anti-depressants
3) anti-psychotics
4) mood stabilizers
What are anti-anxiety medications and the common types?
They work by helping relieve symptoms of anxiety (panic attacks, extreme fear, and worry) by stimulating the GABA neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA is responsible for feeling calm
Common Types:
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) – Lexapro, Prozac
- Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI) – Cymbalta and Effexor
- Benzodiazepines – Xanax or Valium
What are anti-depressant medications and the common types?
Antidepressants are a class of drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, eating disorders and mild depressive disorder.
They function by altering a neurotransmitter (primarily serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) imbalance in the user’s brain
Common Types:
- Zoloft
- Prozac
- Lexapro
- Paxil
What are Anti-psychotic medications and the common types?
- Large range of medications used for mental distress or disorders – mainly schizophrenia and bipolar
- Can be used to help with severe anxiety or depression
- psychosis is believed to be caused (somewhat) by overactivity of dopamine
- Antipsychotics help block dopamine
- generally divided into two categories
— first-gen (blocks dopamine) and second-gen (blocks dopamine and serotonin)
Common Types:
First Gen: Haldol and Dolmatil (this is not on the test)
Second Gen: Abilify, Seroquel, Risperdal (on the test)
What are mood stabilizers and the common types?
- A psychiatric drug that helps restore neurochemical balance by decreasing the activity in a patient’s brain
- They are used for long-term treatment for bipolar disorder, mania, hypomania, and severe depression
Common Types:
Mineral: Lithium
Anticonvulsants (anti-seizure): Valium
What is the definition of substance use or instrumental use?
Motivation to use a substance for a specific purpose other than
getting high.
What is the definition of substance abuse?
Use of a psychoactive substance causing significant negative
physical, social, legal and/or occupational impairment.
What is the definition of Addiction?
The tendency to persist with behaviour that produces pleasure despite negative consequences that outweigh the positive effects
