Test 1 Material Flashcards
Roentgen
Unit for measurement of exposure to x radiation and gamma radiation
SI unit = coulombs per kilogram C/kg
Rad
Radiation Absorbed Dose
Most often used when describing the quantity of radiation received by A patient
SI unit = gray
REM
Radiation Equivalent Man
Occupational radiation monitoring devices
Used to express the quantity of radiation received by radiation workers
SI unit = sievert
Curie
Quantity of radioactive material
SI unit = becquerel
Atom
Smallest unit of matter has the properties of an element
Smallest part of the 4 substances of matter earth water air and fire
What is the atom made up of
The fundamental particles of an atom are the electron proton and neutron
What is ALARA
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Protons
Positive charge
Neutrons
No charge electrically neutral
Electrons
Negatively charged
Atomic number
Represented by Z
The number of protons in the atom
Atomic mass
Represented by A
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons
Bohrs model
Resembled a mini solar system
Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits/energy levels
Contains a small dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons that orbit the nucleus
Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius
Fahrenheit=9/5 Celsius + 32
Conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit
Celsius = 5/9 (Fahrenheit - 32)
Max electrons in shell formula
2n^2
2n squared
N= shell number
Isotope
Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Same atomic number different atomic mass
Isotone
Atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different number of protons
Different atomic numbers and different atomic mass numbers
Isobar
Atoms that have different number of protons and different number of neutrons but the same atomic mass
Isomer
Atoms that have the same atomic number and the same atomic mass
Identical atoms except they exist at different energy states
Electromagnetic wave equation
C = f¥
Speed of light = frequency * wavelength
Potential energy
The ability to do work by virtue of position
Stored energy
Ex: electrons buzzing around the filament have potential energy
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion
Ex: once the kV is applied it turns to kinetic energy
Chemical energy
Energy released by a chemical reaction
Ex: taking the X-ray film and putting it into the developing tank
Electrical energy
Work that can be done when an electron or an electronic charge moves through an electric potential
Ex: in digital radiography the electrical energy converts the image right onto the screen
Conversion of inches to centimeters
1inch = 2.54 centimeters
Inverse square law formula
Intensity1/intensity2 = (distance2) squared / (distance1) squared
Cross multiply to solve
Inverse square law
Radiation intensity is inversely related to the square of the distance from the source
Energy
The ability to do work
Measured in joules
Exists in several forms
Joule
SI unit of work and energy
Heat
The kinetic energy of the random motion of molecules
Unit of heat is the calorie
Transferred by conduction convection and radiation
Ionization
The removal or addition of an electron from an atom
If electron is removed its atom is positive ion
If electron is added it’s atom is a negative ion
What’s the difference between X-rays and gamma rays
The origin
Gamma rays
Emitted from the nucleus of a radioisotope
X-rays
Produced outside the nucleus in electron shells
Frequency
Rate of rise and fall or the number off wavelengths passing a point of observation per second
Hertz
Unit off measure for frequency
Number of crests or valleys that pass an observation point per unit of time
Wavelength
Represented by the lambda sign
Distance from one crest to another crest or one valley to another
Attenuation
The reduction in intensity resulting from scatter and absorption
Mass
Quantity of matter contained in any physical object
Measured in kilograms
Work
The product of force and distance
Unit is the joule
Energy levels/shells
Electrons can exist only in certain shells that represent different energy levels
Shells have the code KLMN etc
Orbital shell closest to nucleus is K shell
K shell is the strongest has more binding energy
Half life
The time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one half it’s original value
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency
They’re inversely proportional
Small wavelength = larger frequency
Thermal energy
Energy of motion at the molecular level
Heat
Nuclear energy
Energy contained in the nucleus of an atom
Electromagnetic energy
Type of energy in an X-ray combining electric and magnetic fields
Diagnostic range
30-150 kV
Hertz to watts
1hz = 746 watts
What’s the largest source of natural ionizing radiation
Radon
What’s the largest source of man made ionizing radiation
Diagnostic X-rays
Velocity
Speed of light
3*10^8 m/s
When was the discovery of X-rays
November 8th 1895
Photon
The smallest quantity of electromagnetic radiation
How much heat does the machine give off
98% heat 2% X-ray
Types of electromagnetic radiation
X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet, visible light
What is the order of increasing energy of the electromagnetic spectrum from highest to lowest
Gamma rays X-rays Ultraviolet Visible light Infared Microwaves Raddiofrequency
