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Radiologic Physics > Test 1 Material > Flashcards

Test 1 Material Flashcards

0
Q

Roentgen

A

Unit for measurement of exposure to x radiation and gamma radiation
SI unit = coulombs per kilogram C/kg

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1
Q

Rad

A

Radiation Absorbed Dose
Most often used when describing the quantity of radiation received by A patient
SI unit = gray

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2
Q

REM

A

Radiation Equivalent Man
Occupational radiation monitoring devices
Used to express the quantity of radiation received by radiation workers
SI unit = sievert

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3
Q

Curie

A

Quantity of radioactive material

SI unit = becquerel

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4
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of matter has the properties of an element

Smallest part of the 4 substances of matter earth water air and fire

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5
Q

What is the atom made up of

A

The fundamental particles of an atom are the electron proton and neutron

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6
Q

What is ALARA

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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7
Q

Protons

A

Positive charge

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8
Q

Neutrons

A

No charge electrically neutral

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9
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged

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10
Q

Atomic number

A

Represented by Z

The number of protons in the atom

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11
Q

Atomic mass

A

Represented by A

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons

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12
Q

Bohrs model

A

Resembled a mini solar system
Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits/energy levels
Contains a small dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons that orbit the nucleus

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13
Q

Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

Fahrenheit=9/5 Celsius + 32

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14
Q

Conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

Celsius = 5/9 (Fahrenheit - 32)

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15
Q

Max electrons in shell formula

A

2n^2
2n squared
N= shell number

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16
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Same atomic number different atomic mass

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17
Q

Isotone

A

Atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different number of protons
Different atomic numbers and different atomic mass numbers

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18
Q

Isobar

A

Atoms that have different number of protons and different number of neutrons but the same atomic mass

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19
Q

Isomer

A

Atoms that have the same atomic number and the same atomic mass
Identical atoms except they exist at different energy states

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20
Q

Electromagnetic wave equation

A

C = f¥

Speed of light = frequency * wavelength

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21
Q

Potential energy

A

The ability to do work by virtue of position
Stored energy

Ex: electrons buzzing around the filament have potential energy

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22
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion

Ex: once the kV is applied it turns to kinetic energy

23
Q

Chemical energy

A

Energy released by a chemical reaction

Ex: taking the X-ray film and putting it into the developing tank

24
Q

Electrical energy

A

Work that can be done when an electron or an electronic charge moves through an electric potential
Ex: in digital radiography the electrical energy converts the image right onto the screen

25
Q

Conversion of inches to centimeters

A

1inch = 2.54 centimeters

26
Q

Inverse square law formula

A

Intensity1/intensity2 = (distance2) squared / (distance1) squared
Cross multiply to solve

27
Q

Inverse square law

A

Radiation intensity is inversely related to the square of the distance from the source

28
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work
Measured in joules
Exists in several forms

29
Q

Joule

A

SI unit of work and energy

30
Q

Heat

A

The kinetic energy of the random motion of molecules
Unit of heat is the calorie
Transferred by conduction convection and radiation

31
Q

Ionization

A

The removal or addition of an electron from an atom
If electron is removed its atom is positive ion
If electron is added it’s atom is a negative ion

32
Q

What’s the difference between X-rays and gamma rays

A

The origin

33
Q

Gamma rays

A

Emitted from the nucleus of a radioisotope

34
Q

X-rays

A

Produced outside the nucleus in electron shells

35
Q

Frequency

A

Rate of rise and fall or the number off wavelengths passing a point of observation per second

36
Q

Hertz

A

Unit off measure for frequency

Number of crests or valleys that pass an observation point per unit of time

37
Q

Wavelength

A

Represented by the lambda sign

Distance from one crest to another crest or one valley to another

38
Q

Attenuation

A

The reduction in intensity resulting from scatter and absorption

39
Q

Mass

A

Quantity of matter contained in any physical object

Measured in kilograms

40
Q

Work

A

The product of force and distance

Unit is the joule

41
Q

Energy levels/shells

A

Electrons can exist only in certain shells that represent different energy levels
Shells have the code KLMN etc
Orbital shell closest to nucleus is K shell
K shell is the strongest has more binding energy

42
Q

Half life

A

The time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one half it’s original value

43
Q

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency

A

They’re inversely proportional

Small wavelength = larger frequency

44
Q

Thermal energy

A

Energy of motion at the molecular level

Heat

45
Q

Nuclear energy

A

Energy contained in the nucleus of an atom

46
Q

Electromagnetic energy

A

Type of energy in an X-ray combining electric and magnetic fields

47
Q

Diagnostic range

A

30-150 kV

48
Q

Hertz to watts

A

1hz = 746 watts

49
Q

What’s the largest source of natural ionizing radiation

A

Radon

50
Q

What’s the largest source of man made ionizing radiation

A

Diagnostic X-rays

51
Q

Velocity

A

Speed of light

3*10^8 m/s

52
Q

When was the discovery of X-rays

A

November 8th 1895

53
Q

Photon

A

The smallest quantity of electromagnetic radiation

54
Q

How much heat does the machine give off

A

98% heat 2% X-ray

55
Q

Types of electromagnetic radiation

A

X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet, visible light

56
Q

What is the order of increasing energy of the electromagnetic spectrum from highest to lowest

A 
Gamma rays 
X-rays 
Ultraviolet 
Visible light 
Infared
Microwaves 
Raddiofrequency

Radiologic Physics (3 decks)

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