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Radiographic Positioning > Test 1 Material > Flashcards

Test 1 Material Flashcards

0
Q

What is a radiograph

A

An image of a persons anatomical parts produced by the action of X-rays on an image receptor

  • image of a persons anatomy
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1
Q

What is radiographic positioning

A

The study of patient positioning performed to radiographically demonstrate or visualize specific body parts on image receptors

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2
Q

What is radiography

A

The process and procedures of producing a radiograph

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3
Q

What is an image receptor

A

The device that receives the energy off the X-ray beam that exits the patient and forms the image of the body part

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of image receptors

A

1 Cassette with film
2 image plate
3 solid state detectors
4 fluoroscopic screen

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5
Q

Cassette with film

A

Device that contains special intensifying screens that glow wen struck by X-rays and imprints the image on the screen

Needs to be developed
60-90 sec to develop

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6
Q

Imaging plate

A

Special phosphorus plate placed inside a CR cassette

Used in computed radiography

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7
Q

Solid state detectors

A

Used in direct digital radiography
Cassette less
Detector captures the X-ray energy an converts it directly into digital format

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8
Q

Fluoroscopic screen

A

X-rays strike a fluoroscopic screen and image is formed
Image transmitted to TV monitor
Happens in real time

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9
Q

What is step 1 of a radiographic exam

A

Positioning of body part and the alignment with the image receptor and central ray

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10
Q

What is step 2 of a radiographic exam

A

Selection of radiation protection measures

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11
Q

What is step 3 of a radiographic exam

A

Selection of exposure factors on the control panel

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12
Q

What is step 4 of a radiographic exam

A

Patient instructions related to respiration and initiation (making) of the exposure

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13
Q

What is step 5 of a radiographic exam

A

Processing the image receptor

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14
Q

What’s the anatomic position

A

Standing erect with face and eyes facing forward arms extended by side palms facing forward heels together and toes facing anteriorly

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15
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Any longitudinal plane that divides the entire body/body parts into right and left segments

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16
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Specific Sagittal plane that passes through the midline of body and divides into equal right and left halves

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17
Q

Coronal plane

A

Divides the entire body or body part into anterior and posterior segments

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18
Q

Mid coronal plane

A

Specific coronal plane that passes through the midline of the body dividing into equal anterior and posterior halves

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19
Q

Axial (horizontal) plane

A

Plane thwat passes crosswise through body/ body part at right angle dividing body into superior and inferior portions

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20
Q

Oblique planes

A

A longitudinal plane that’s at an angle or slant and not parallel to the Sagittal coronal or horizontal planes

Can pass through a body part at any angle between the other planes

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21
Q

Why are planes Used in radiographic positioning

A

To center a body part to the image receptor or central ray and to ensure it’s properly oriented and aligned with the image receptor

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22
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

The back half of patient
Part off body seen when viewing person from back
Includes bottom of feet and back of hands in anatomic position

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23
Q

Anterior/ventral

A

Front half of patient
Part seen when viewed from the front
Includes tops of feet and palms in anatomic position

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24
Q

Plantar

A

Sole or posterior surface of the foot

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25
Q

Dorsum

A

Anterior surface or top of foot

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26
Q

Dorsal

A

Back or posterior aspect of the hand

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27
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of hand

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28
Q

Cephalad

A

Parts toward the head of the body

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29
Q

Caudad

A

Parts away from the head of body

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30
Q

Superior

A

Nearer the head or ssituated above

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31
Q

Inferior

A

Nearer the feet or situated below

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32
Q

Medial

A

The inside part closest to the midline or median plane of the body

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33
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the the center or away from the median plane or midline of the body

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34
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer the point of attachment

Near the source or beginning

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35
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from the point of attachment

Away from the source or beginning

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36
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Part or parts of the body on the same side

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37
Q

Contralateral

A

Part or parts on the opposite side of the body

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38
Q

Projection

A

The path of the central ray as it exits the X-ray tube and goes through the patient to the image receptor

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39
Q

AP projection

Anteroposterior

A

A perpendicular central ray enters the anterior body surface and exits the posterior body surface

Parallel to midsagittal plane
Perpendicular to coronal plane

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40
Q

PA projection

Posteroanterior

A

A perpendicular central ray enters the posterior surface of the body and exits the anterior body surface
Parallel to midsagittal plane perpendicular to coronal

41
Q

Axial projection

A

There is longitudinal angulation of the central ray with the long axis of the body or body part
Path off central ray is angled
Happens at 10 degrees or more

42
Q

Tangential projection

A

Touching a curve or surface at only one point

Skims a body part to project that part into profile and away from other structures

43
Q

Lateral projection

A

A perpendicular centra ray enters one side of the body/body part
Perpendicular to midsagittal
Parallel to coronal

44
Q

Left/right lateral position

A

Specified the side of the body that’s closest to the Image receptor

Ex: lateral projection with a right lateral position

45
Q

Lateral projections of limbs

Lateromedial

A

Thumb is on the lateral side

If the leg is turned in so the medial side is facing down

Enters the lateral side and exits the medial side

46
Q

Lateral projections of limbs

Mediolateral

A

If leg is turned out so the medial side is facing up

Enters the medial side and exits the lateral side

47
Q

Transthoracic lateral projection

A

A unique projection used for shoulder radiography

48
Q

Oblique projections

A

Te central ray enters the body or body part from a side angle following an oblique plane

Can have AP or PA oblique

49
Q

AP oblique projection with a right posterior oblique position
(RPO)

A

Places the right posterior surface of the body closest to the image receptor and corresponds to the AP oblique projection

50
Q

AP oblique projection with a left posterior oblique position

LPO

A

Places the left posterior surface of the body closest to the image receptor

51
Q

PA oblique projection with a right anterior oblique position

(RAO)

A

The right anterior body surface is in contact with the radiographic table

52
Q

PA oblique projection with a left anterior oblique position

LAO

A

The left anterior body surface is in contact with the radiographic table

53
Q

AP or PA projection of limbs

A

Must include a qualifying term to indicate which way it’s rotated
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation

54
Q

Position

A

Overall posture or general body position of patient

Specific placement off the body part in relation to the table or IR during imaging

55
Q

Supine

A

Lying on back facing upward

56
Q

Prone

A

Lying on abdomen facing downward

57
Q

Erect

A

An upright vertical position

Used for chest X-rays

58
Q

Recumbant

A

General term referring to lying down in any position

59
Q

Dorsal recumbant

A

Lying on the back

Supine

60
Q

Ventral recumbant

A

Lying face down

Prone

61
Q

Lateral recumbant

A

Lying on side right or left

62
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

Supine position with the head tilted downward

Head lower than the feet

63
Q

Fowlers position

A

Head is higher than the feet

64
Q

Lithotomy position

A

Supine position with the knees and hip flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally supported by ankle supports

Childbirth

65
Q

Decubitus position

A

Patient is lying down and the central ray is horizontal and parallel to the floor

66
Q

Lateral decubitus (left or right)

A

Lying on side with CR horizontal and parallel to the floor

67
Q

Dorsal decubitus

A

Lying on back in decubitus position

68
Q

Ventral decubitus

A

Lying on stomach in the decubitus position

69
Q

Lordotic position

A

Having the patient lean backward while in the upright body position so that only the shoulders are in contact with the IR

Is an AP axial projection

70
Q

Interior

A

Inside, nearer the center

71
Q

Intra

A

Within or inside

72
Q

Inter

A

Situated between

73
Q

External

A

On or near the outside

74
Q

Exo

A

Outside or outward

75
Q

Superficial

A

Parts near the skin or surface

76
Q

Deep

A

Parts far from the surface

77
Q

Extension

A

Straightening of a joint

Increases the angle as the body part moves from a flexed to a straightened position

78
Q

Flexion

A

Bending a joint
Opposite if extension
Decreases angle of the joint

79
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extending a joint beyond the straight or neutral position

80
Q

Abnormal hyperextension

A

A hyperextended elbow or knee results when joint is extended beyond the straight if neutral position

81
Q

Hyperextended wrist

A

When the wrist is extended beyond the neutral position

82
Q

Acute Flexion of wrist

A

Used for a special projection of the wrist

83
Q

Deviation

A

A turning Away from the regular standard or course

84
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

Turn hand and wrist away from natural position

Toward the ulnar side

85
Q

Radial deviation

A

Turn hand and wrist away from natural position

Toward the radial side

86
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Decrease the angle between dorsum of foot and lower leg moving foot and toes upward

Flexing foot

87
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Extending joint moving foot and ties downward from the normal position

Pointing toes

88
Q

Evert/eversion

A

Outward turning of the foot at the ankle

89
Q

Invert/inversion

A

Inward turning of the foot at the ankle

90
Q

Valgus

A

Bending of part outward or away from midline of body

91
Q

Varus

A

Bending of a part inward or toward the midline

92
Q

What are the 5 steps of a radiographic examination

A

1 positioning of body part and alignment with the CR and IR
2. Selection of radiation protection measures
3 selection off exposure factors on the control panel
4 patient instructions related to breathing or making of the exposure
5 processing of the IR

93
Q

Why are body planes used

A

To center the body part to the IR or CR and to ensure its properly oriented and aligned to the IR

94
Q

What are the 4 most commonly used positioning terms

A

1 projection
2 position
3 view
4 method

95
Q

When a range of central ray angles such a 5–15 degrees what is the projection

A

Still considered axial because the angulation could exceed 10 degrees

96
Q

Sims position

A

A recumbent position with the patient lying on the left anterior side with the left leg extended and the right knee and thigh partially flexed

97
Q

What position is most often used to demonstrate the presence of air fluid levels or free air in the chest/abdomen

A

Lateral decubitus position

98
Q

Towne method

A

Ap axial projection named after an individual

99
Q

Hyper extension of the spine

A

Backwards bending of the spine beyond neutral position

Radiographic Positioning (2 decks)

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