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Test 1 Material Flashcards

0
Q

What is a radiograph

A

An image of a persons anatomical parts produced by the action of X-rays on an image receptor

  • image of a persons anatomy
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1
Q

What is radiographic positioning

A

The study of patient positioning performed to radiographically demonstrate or visualize specific body parts on image receptors

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2
Q

What is radiography

A

The process and procedures of producing a radiograph

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3
Q

What is an image receptor

A

The device that receives the energy off the X-ray beam that exits the patient and forms the image of the body part

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of image receptors

A

1 Cassette with film
2 image plate
3 solid state detectors
4 fluoroscopic screen

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5
Q

Cassette with film

A

Device that contains special intensifying screens that glow wen struck by X-rays and imprints the image on the screen

Needs to be developed
60-90 sec to develop

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6
Q

Imaging plate

A

Special phosphorus plate placed inside a CR cassette

Used in computed radiography

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7
Q

Solid state detectors

A

Used in direct digital radiography
Cassette less
Detector captures the X-ray energy an converts it directly into digital format

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8
Q

Fluoroscopic screen

A

X-rays strike a fluoroscopic screen and image is formed
Image transmitted to TV monitor
Happens in real time

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9
Q

What is step 1 of a radiographic exam

A

Positioning of body part and the alignment with the image receptor and central ray

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10
Q

What is step 2 of a radiographic exam

A

Selection of radiation protection measures

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11
Q

What is step 3 of a radiographic exam

A

Selection of exposure factors on the control panel

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12
Q

What is step 4 of a radiographic exam

A

Patient instructions related to respiration and initiation (making) of the exposure

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13
Q

What is step 5 of a radiographic exam

A

Processing the image receptor

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14
Q

What’s the anatomic position

A

Standing erect with face and eyes facing forward arms extended by side palms facing forward heels together and toes facing anteriorly

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15
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Any longitudinal plane that divides the entire body/body parts into right and left segments

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16
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Specific Sagittal plane that passes through the midline of body and divides into equal right and left halves

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17
Q

Coronal plane

A

Divides the entire body or body part into anterior and posterior segments

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18
Q

Mid coronal plane

A

Specific coronal plane that passes through the midline of the body dividing into equal anterior and posterior halves

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19
Q

Axial (horizontal) plane

A

Plane thwat passes crosswise through body/ body part at right angle dividing body into superior and inferior portions

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20
Q

Oblique planes

A

A longitudinal plane that’s at an angle or slant and not parallel to the Sagittal coronal or horizontal planes

Can pass through a body part at any angle between the other planes

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21
Q

Why are planes Used in radiographic positioning

A

To center a body part to the image receptor or central ray and to ensure it’s properly oriented and aligned with the image receptor

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22
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

The back half of patient
Part off body seen when viewing person from back
Includes bottom of feet and back of hands in anatomic position

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23
Q

Anterior/ventral

A

Front half of patient
Part seen when viewed from the front
Includes tops of feet and palms in anatomic position

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24
Plantar
Sole or posterior surface of the foot
25
Dorsum
Anterior surface or top of foot
26
Dorsal
Back or posterior aspect of the hand
27
Palmar
Palm of hand
28
Cephalad
Parts toward the head of the body
29
Caudad
Parts away from the head of body
30
Superior
Nearer the head or ssituated above
31
Inferior
Nearer the feet or situated below
32
Medial
The inside part closest to the midline or median plane of the body
33
Lateral
Away from the the center or away from the median plane or midline of the body
34
Proximal
Nearer the point of attachment | Near the source or beginning
35
Distal
Farthest from the point of attachment | Away from the source or beginning
36
Ipsilateral
Part or parts of the body on the same side
37
Contralateral
Part or parts on the opposite side of the body
38
Projection
The path of the central ray as it exits the X-ray tube and goes through the patient to the image receptor
39
AP projection | Anteroposterior
A perpendicular central ray enters the anterior body surface and exits the posterior body surface Parallel to midsagittal plane Perpendicular to coronal plane
40
PA projection | Posteroanterior
A perpendicular central ray enters the posterior surface of the body and exits the anterior body surface Parallel to midsagittal plane perpendicular to coronal
41
Axial projection
There is longitudinal angulation of the central ray with the long axis of the body or body part Path off central ray is angled Happens at 10 degrees or more
42
Tangential projection
Touching a curve or surface at only one point | Skims a body part to project that part into profile and away from other structures
43
Lateral projection
A perpendicular centra ray enters one side of the body/body part Perpendicular to midsagittal Parallel to coronal
44
Left/right lateral position
Specified the side of the body that's closest to the Image receptor Ex: lateral projection with a right lateral position
45
Lateral projections of limbs Lateromedial
Thumb is on the lateral side If the leg is turned in so the medial side is facing down Enters the lateral side and exits the medial side
46
Lateral projections of limbs Mediolateral
If leg is turned out so the medial side is facing up Enters the medial side and exits the lateral side
47
Transthoracic lateral projection
A unique projection used for shoulder radiography
48
Oblique projections
Te central ray enters the body or body part from a side angle following an oblique plane Can have AP or PA oblique
49
AP oblique projection with a right posterior oblique position (RPO)
Places the right posterior surface of the body closest to the image receptor and corresponds to the AP oblique projection
50
AP oblique projection with a left posterior oblique position | LPO
Places the left posterior surface of the body closest to the image receptor
51
PA oblique projection with a right anterior oblique position (RAO)
The right anterior body surface is in contact with the radiographic table
52
PA oblique projection with a left anterior oblique position | LAO
The left anterior body surface is in contact with the radiographic table
53
AP or PA projection of limbs
Must include a qualifying term to indicate which way it's rotated Medial rotation Lateral rotation
54
Position
Overall posture or general body position of patient Specific placement off the body part in relation to the table or IR during imaging
55
Supine
Lying on back facing upward
56
Prone
Lying on abdomen facing downward
57
Erect
An upright vertical position Used for chest X-rays
58
Recumbant
General term referring to lying down in any position
59
Dorsal recumbant
Lying on the back | Supine
60
Ventral recumbant
Lying face down | Prone
61
Lateral recumbant
Lying on side right or left
62
Trendelenburg position
Supine position with the head tilted downward | Head lower than the feet
63
Fowlers position
Head is higher than the feet
64
Lithotomy position
Supine position with the knees and hip flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally supported by ankle supports Childbirth
65
Decubitus position
Patient is lying down and the central ray is horizontal and parallel to the floor
66
Lateral decubitus (left or right)
Lying on side with CR horizontal and parallel to the floor
67
Dorsal decubitus
Lying on back in decubitus position
68
Ventral decubitus
Lying on stomach in the decubitus position
69
Lordotic position
Having the patient lean backward while in the upright body position so that only the shoulders are in contact with the IR Is an AP axial projection
70
Interior
Inside, nearer the center
71
Intra
Within or inside
72
Inter
Situated between
73
External
On or near the outside
74
Exo
Outside or outward
75
Superficial
Parts near the skin or surface
76
Deep
Parts far from the surface
77
Extension
Straightening of a joint | Increases the angle as the body part moves from a flexed to a straightened position
78
Flexion
Bending a joint Opposite if extension Decreases angle of the joint
79
Hyperextension
Extending a joint beyond the straight or neutral position
80
Abnormal hyperextension
A hyperextended elbow or knee results when joint is extended beyond the straight if neutral position
81
Hyperextended wrist
When the wrist is extended beyond the neutral position
82
Acute Flexion of wrist
Used for a special projection of the wrist
83
Deviation
A turning Away from the regular standard or course
84
Ulnar deviation
Turn hand and wrist away from natural position Toward the ulnar side
85
Radial deviation
Turn hand and wrist away from natural position Toward the radial side
86
Dorsiflexion
Decrease the angle between dorsum of foot and lower leg moving foot and toes upward Flexing foot
87
Plantar Flexion
Extending joint moving foot and ties downward from the normal position Pointing toes
88
Evert/eversion
Outward turning of the foot at the ankle
89
Invert/inversion
Inward turning of the foot at the ankle
90
Valgus
Bending of part outward or away from midline of body
91
Varus
Bending of a part inward or toward the midline
92
What are the 5 steps of a radiographic examination
1 positioning of body part and alignment with the CR and IR 2. Selection of radiation protection measures 3 selection off exposure factors on the control panel 4 patient instructions related to breathing or making of the exposure 5 processing of the IR
93
Why are body planes used
To center the body part to the IR or CR and to ensure its properly oriented and aligned to the IR
94
What are the 4 most commonly used positioning terms
1 projection 2 position 3 view 4 method
95
When a range of central ray angles such a 5--15 degrees what is the projection
Still considered axial because the angulation could exceed 10 degrees
96
Sims position
A recumbent position with the patient lying on the left anterior side with the left leg extended and the right knee and thigh partially flexed
97
What position is most often used to demonstrate the presence of air fluid levels or free air in the chest/abdomen
Lateral decubitus position
98
Towne method
Ap axial projection named after an individual
99
Hyper extension of the spine
Backwards bending of the spine beyond neutral position

Radiographic Positioning (2 decks)

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