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MDI > Test 1 Material > Flashcards

Test 1 Material Flashcards

1
Q

What items are present to produce a time line?

A 
Dated Material: Mail, newspapers, flyers, email.
Condition of food present
Clothing worn
Phone calls
Living habits
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2
Q

Algor Mortis

A

Cooling of body to equilibrate with the surrounding temperature.
Most useful within the first 10-12 hours
Average rate of cooling initially is 1.5 degrees per hour for the first 3 hours

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3
Q

Livor Mortis

A

Postmortem hypostasis or settling of blood.

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4
Q

Blue/ Purple Lividity

A

Normal

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5
Q

Pink/Cherry Red Lividity

A

Carbon Monoxide, Cyanide, Fluoroacetate (insecticide/rodenticide), Refrigeration, hypothermia, water immersion.

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6
Q

Brown Lividity

A

Sodium Chlorate and inorganic nitrite

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7
Q

Green Lividity

A

Hydrogen sulfide

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8
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

Postmortem muscular rigidity

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9
Q

Four types of Postmortem Tissue Changes

A
  1. Decomposition or Putrefaction
  2. Mummification
  3. Skeletonization
  4. Saponification or Adipocere
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10
Q

Stage 1 of Decomp/Putrefaction

A

Enzymes release as part of cellular death and breakdown
Bacteria released from stomach and intestines
Blue-green discoloration of abdomen
Occurs with in 24-36 hours

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11
Q

Stage 2 of Decomp/Putrefaction

A

Marbling is noted

Occurs within 30-48 hours

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12
Q

Stage 3 of Decomp/Putrefcaction

A

Gasses are released into the surrounding tissues by bacterial activity.
Body Bloats
Gas and fluid filled blisters can be seen
Occurs within 36-48 hours
Occurs simultaneously with discoloration

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13
Q

Stage 4 of Decomp/ Putrefaction

A

Loosening of hair, nails, and sheeding of skin

Occurs within 4-7 days

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14
Q

Mummification

A

Drying of the fluids and tissues of the body
Interrupts the Decomp process
Requires dry, arid conditions, good ventilation, and absence of insects and animals
Seen in early stages within 1 week and completed within 3-6 months

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15
Q

Skeletonization

A

Removal of soft tissue from the skeletal structure
Dependent on environmental conditions and the types of insects or animals present.
Accelerated by insect and animal activity.

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16
Q

Saponification or Adipocere

A

Requires a moist environment
Soft body tissues turn into a soap-like or waxy substance.
Rare occurrence
Stops the decomp of the outer portions of the body.

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17
Q

Forensic Medicine

A

The application of medicine to solve legal problems

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18
Q

Forensic Pathology

A

The application of post-mortem investigation and examination of the body for use in solving legal problems.

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19
Q

coroner

A

Individual who is an officer of the court and whose principle duty is to hold an inquisition of death
Medical education is not required.
Usually an elected position

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20
Q

Medical Examiner

A

Individual who, through post-mortem investigation and examination determines cause and manner of death
Physician who has completed a residency training
Usually an appointed position.

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21
Q

Medicolegal Death Investigator

A

Individual part of an inquiry into a death of medicolegal importance, examines the body at the scene of death, collects evidence, interprets data and documents findings to determine the casue and manner of death
Trained based on the national guidelines for death investigation

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22
Q

Cause of death

A

The disease or injury, or combination of disease and injury which are responsible for the fatality.

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23
Q

Manner of Death

A

An explanation of how the cause arose. can be by natural or violent means

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24
Q

Natual Manner of Death

A

Caused exclusively by disease

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25
Q

Violent Manner of Death

A

Accident, Suicide, Homicide

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26
Q

Undetermined Cause and Manner of Death

A

Circumstances and findings leave reasonable doubt about the exact cause or classification of the death.

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27
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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28
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

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29
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the side

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30
Q

Medial

A

Toward the middle

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31
Q

Midline

A

Center of head, chest, abdomen

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32
Q

Ventral

A

Related to the front of the body

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33
Q

Dorsal

A

Related to the back of the body, hand or foot

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34
Q

Cerebral

A

Relating to the Brain

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35
Q

Pulmonary

A

Relating to the lungs

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36
Q

Cardiac

A

Relating to the heart

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37
Q

Hepatic

A

Relating to the liver

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38
Q

Renal

A

Relating to the kidneys

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39
Q

Gastric

A

Relating to the stomach

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40
Q

Cholecystic

A

Relating to the gall bladder

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41
Q

Peritoneum

A

Abdominal cavity

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42
Q

Pleural

A

Chest cavity about the lungs

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43
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Blood vessels supplying the heart

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44
Q

Vein

A

Thin walled blood vessels, work under pressure to carry blood to the heart

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45
Q

Artery

A

Muscular walled blood vessels, carry blood away from the heart

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46
Q

Aorta

A

Large artery connected to the heart, distributes blood to other arteries

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47
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

The fluid about the brain and spinal cord.

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48
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back

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49
Q

Prone

A

Lying on the belly

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50
Q

Flexion

A

Bending a limb

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51
Q

Extension

A

Straightening out a limb

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52
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body

53
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body

54
Q

Rotation

A

Circular movements around an axis

55
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so the foot bends backwards

56
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Increasing the angle of the ankle joint so as to “point the toes”

57
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

58
Q

Thrombosis

A

Blood clotting inside blood vessels

59
Q

Embolus

A

Thrombus that breaks away and travels to another area of the body

60
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of the veins

61
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Blood clot in an inflamed vein

62
Q

Aneurysm

A

Weakening of the wall of a blood vessel with dilation and often rupture of the vessel causing severe bleeding

63
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding either outside the body or into a body cavity

64
Q

Infraction

A

Dead tissue in an organ due to insufficient circulation of blood

65
Q

Myocardial Infraction

A

Heart attack

66
Q

Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Lymphoma, Leukemia

A

Broad terms for cancer, all malignant are malignant tumors

67
Q

Emphysema

A

Chronic lung disease, reduces the ability to breathe

68
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the abdominal cavity

69
Q

Pleuritis

A

“Pleurisy” inflammation of the chest cavity

70
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lung

71
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

72
Q

Cirrhosis

A

A chronic liver disease with scarring and reduced function; frequently associated with ETOH use but may also be due to hepatitis and other diseases

73
Q

Fatty Metamorphosis of the Liver

A

Change in the makeup of the liver due to excessive ETOH and poor diet

74
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow pigmentation of the skin, commonly resulting from liver failure

75
Q

Uremia

A

Excess urea in the blood due to kidney failure

76
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of tissue

77
Q

Laceration

A

Tearing of the skin produced by blunt trauma

78
Q

Incised Wound (cut)

A

Result of a sharp-edged object drawn over the skin with sufficient pressure to cause injury, usually longer than it is deep

79
Q

Bruise

A

Bluish swelling of blood beneath the skin, also known as a Contusion

80
Q

Fracture

A

Broken bone

81
Q

Subdural Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding, almost always from injury, between the inside of the skull and the dura which covers the brain. The accumulation of blood produces pressure on the brain

82
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding, often spotaneous, sometimes from injury, between the brain and it covers the membrane, the arachnoid

83
Q

EKG (ECG)

A

Electrocardiogram, tracing of the electrical activity of the heart

84
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram, tracing of the electrical activity of the brain

85
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging, an imaging method used by radiologists to view internal body structures using combinations of radio waves and magnetic fields

86
Q

CT Scan

A

Computerized axial tomography, an x-ray procedure enhanced by a computer. This results in a cross-sectional view of a particular part of your body

87
Q

Ultrasound Imaging

A

uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes.

88
Q

Thoracotomy

A

Surgical opening of the chest

89
Q

Laparotomy

A

Surgical opening of th eabdomen

90
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical opening of the head

91
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

Looking into the sigmoid colon

92
Q

Autopsy

A

Examination of the body of a deceased person, both an external and an internal examination, for the purpose of identifying disease and injury present in order to determine the cause and manner of death

93
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

Needle placed into the Spinal Column to withdraw CSF from about the spinal cord for examination

94
Q

Next of Kin Hierarchy for Deceased Adult

A

Spouse
Adult Child
Parents
Siblings

95
Q

next of Kin Hierarchy for Deceased child

A

Parents
Adult Sibling
Grandparents

96
Q

Types of Traumatic Injuries

A 
Blunt Force
Gunshot wound
Sharp Force 
Drowning
Asphyxia
Electrocution
Fire
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Motor vehicles
97
Q

Scene response

A 
Clearance from law enforcement
Photographs of scene
names and contact numbers
photos and examination of remains
collection of evidence for ME
Preparation of remains for transportation
98
Q

Gunshot wounds

A

Description, number and location
limited, preliminary external exam at scene
Hands bagged, body wrapped in clean, white sheet and placed in human remains pouch for transport

99
Q

self-inflicted GSW

A

Handedness, suicide notes and other limbic evidence, Interviews with family/friends, psychiatric history, prior suicidal tendencies, medical history

100
Q

Motor Vehicle

A

Decedent’s place in vehicle, where they wearing a seat belt, did air bags deploy, who is owner of the vehicle, BAC and urine fox, where accident occurred, and jurisdiction

101
Q

Words to describe Blunt Force Trauma

A

Laceration, contusion, hematoma, abrasion, fracture

102
Q

Falls

A

witnessed or unwitnessed, circumstances of event, what was the distance of the fall, description of surface impacted

103
Q

Pushed or fell

A

impacts fairly close to base of structure

104
Q

Jumped

A

Impacts further away from base of structure because the push off causes the arcing of the body while falling.

105
Q

measurements at falling scenes

A

distance from body to base of structure and from floor to window sill. height of any rails surrounding take off point of structure. Was center of gravity higher or lower.

106
Q

Asphyxia

A

Lack of oxygen to the tissues causing unconsciousness or death. Caused from compression of the neck through hanging or strangulation or chemicals such as CO, hydrogen cyanide, or helium

107
Q

Other forms of asphyxia

A

Suffocation, choking, smothering, mechanical and positional

108
Q

What to do with Ligatures

A

Preserve knots and do not cut through them. ME should take ligature as evidence

109
Q

Drownings

A

Is an asphyxial death because there is a lack of oxygen due to water in the airways.

110
Q

Fresh water drownings

A

Obtain water in lungs

111
Q

Salt water

A

Blood plasma is drawn out of the lungs

112
Q

Near drowning issues

A

Pulmonary edema, Pneumonia, irreversible hypoxic brain injury, delayed death

113
Q

Electrocution

A

low voltage->minimal injury

high voltage -> obvious burns

114
Q

Arborization

A

Red, fern-like pattern on skin and is unique to electrocution and may disappear

115
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Increased body temperature at time of death

116
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

reactions to certain drugs

117
Q

Hypothermia

A

Most commonly found and is decreased body temperature at time of death

118
Q

Hypothermic people found in outdoor scene

A

could have been under the influence of alcohol or drugs, paradoxical undressing, usually no trauma unless injuries caused decedent to be incapacitated.

119
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden death of an infant under one year of age which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history

120
Q

Deaths due to Metabolic Error

A

Rare genetic disorders. Prevent the body from turning food into energy

121
Q

Optimal infant death investigation

A

Uniformity of investigation, reporting, and classification. Accurate and early identification of criminal cases.

122
Q

Three phases of interviewing and interrogation

A

Entry, Event, and Escape

123
Q

Entry

A

pre-interview criteria; assessing the individual
Introduce and identify self and role
Exercise scene safety
Seeking permission to conduct the scene investigation
Interview first responder
establish chain of custody

124
Q

Event

A

Investigate the 4 w’s (who, what, when, where) how
Rapport building
Event re-enactment using doll
Photograph scene, body and doll re-enactment
Witness interviews

125
Q

Developmental milestones 4-5 months

A

Gross motor - rolls f-b

Fine motor - hands come together

126
Q

Developmental milestones 6-7 months

A

Gross- sits without supports and rolls b-f

Fine - Transfers from hand to hand

127
Q

Developmental milestones 9 months

A

Gross - crawls, pulls to stand

Fine - pincer grasp

128
Q

Developmental milestones 12 months

A

Gross walks

fine - pat-a-cakes, takes objects out of a box

129
Q

Escape

A

Disengaging from the interview

MDI (1 decks)

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