Test 1 Lab Test

Question 1

Theory of NDT Principles (5)

Answer 1

1. CNS damage–> interference with normal movement
2. abnormal muscle tone, abnormal patterns of posture and movement--> predominate patient’s efforts
3. Abnormal muscle tone, abnormal movement patterns affect –> feeding, perception, respiration, self-care, speech, and walking
4. Movement & sensation are interedependent so feeling normal movement is important for the individual
5. Interdisciplinary (OT, PT, Fam, physicians, teacher, SP) is necessary for helping the indivual to achieve optimal gains.

Question 2

5 Basic Compenets of Movement of NDT

Answer 2

1. Trunk control and movement
2. midline orientation
3. movement over base of support/weight shift
4. head control ON the trunk
5. limb function and control ON the trunk

Question 3

11 Principles of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Faciliation (PNF) Approach. (list 6)

Answer 3

1. All humans have potentials that are not fully developed
2. Goal directed activity is made up of reversing movements
3. Normal motor development proceeds in a cervicocaudal and proximodistal direction
4. improvement of motor ability is dependent upon motor learning
5. Normal movement and posture are dependent upon synergism and a balanced interaction of antagonists
6. Normal motor development has an orderly sequence but lacks a step by step quality. Overlapping occurs.

Question 4

What is the difference between an associated reaction and associated movement?

Answer 4

Associated reaction: INVOLUNTARY movement or pattern. Reflexive increase in muscle tone and limb position on the hemiplegic side that occurs in stressful situations. An associated reason is commonly seen when movement is resisted, when the pt exerts efforts, or when the patient fears loss of balance.

Ex: falling off a swing and reaching out hand to catch self

**Associated movement: ** VOLUNTARY reaction to a situation, event, or activity

Ex: child sticking out tongue while cutting with scissors or woman opening mouth to put on mascara

Question 5

List 2 assumptions that underlie the Brunnstrom Movement Theory Approach.

Answer 5

1. Newly produced correction motions must be practice to be learned
2. Proprioceptive and exteroreceptive stimuli can be used to evoke desired motion or tonal changes

Question 6

Describe flexor synergy.

Answer 6

• Scapular retraction and/or elevation
• Should ABduction and external rotation
• Elbow flexion and forearm supination
• Position of the wrist and fingers is variable
  
  • Elbow flexion is the strongest component of the flexor synergy and the first motion to appear or to be facilitated

Question 7

Describe extensor synergy.

Answer 7

• Scapular protraction
• should horizontal ADDuction and internal rotation
• elbow extension
• forearm pronation
• variable wrist and finger motion, although, wrist extension and finger flexion may be seen
  
  • Pectoralis Major is the strongest compenent of the extension synergy (elbow extension is a weak component)

Question 8

What are some faciliation techniques?

Answer 8

• Tactile Stimuli
  
  • Light touch
  • Brushing
• Thermal Stimuli
  
  • icing
• Proprioceptive Stimuli
  
  • quick stretch
  • vibration
  • stretch to finger intrincs
  • heavy joint compression
  • resistance

Question 9

What are some inhibitory techniques?

Answer 9

• Tactile stimuli
  
  • slow stroking
• Thermal stimuli
  
  • neural warming
  • prolonged cooling
• Proprioceptive stimuli
  
  • prolonged stretch
  • joint approximation
  • tendon pressure
  • vestibular stimuli
• stimuli for the special senses