Test 1 (Intro Psychopharm) Flashcards
(33 cards)
Leak channels at rest
they are potassium channels, and at rest, there is no driving force on potassium even though the channel is open. If sodium comes in, then it gives potassium a reason to leave.
At rest- is the neuromembrane absolutely impermeable?
No
RP (receptor potential)
mechanically gated
What makes the peak of an action potential?
You’re at equilibrium potential for sodium, AND sodium channels shut.
Voltage Gated Sodium Channels
– closed -> open -> inactivatable (responsible for the absolute refractory period) -> closed -> open -> inactivatable - > etc…
are EPSPs are decrimental?
yes, that’s why we need action potentials
Are neurons biased toward an excitatory or inhibitory state?
Neurons are biased in the inhibitory direction – you don’t want cells firing because MAYBE cells are firing and MAYBE information wants to be passed on
How does Norepinephrine’s second messengers affect the cell?
the second messengers create a more excitable state, bring the membrane potential closer to threshold
About how many neurotransmitters work through ionotropic channels?
Only 6-8 neurotransmitters actually work through ionotropic channels
Peptide transmitters
usually synthesized in the cell body and carried by kinesin
When is NO produced?
When the cell is active. The more active the cell becomes the more NO it produces
Can glutamate be converted to GABA?
Glutamate can be converted to GABA via Glutamic Acid Carboxylase
When are neuropeptides often released?
Peptides are often only released when there is a big burst of calcium.
Where are autoreceptors found?
Somatodendridic regions or along synapses – autoreceptors are really sensitive
How do autoreceptors often work?
They open potassium channels and have potassium pushed out – it is pushed out as soon as the action potential arrives
Do agonists always facilitate synaptic transmission?
Agonists facilitate synaptic transmission, except in the case of autoreceptor, it makes synaptic transmission go down.
Drug Dose
usually described in terms of weight drug/weight of recipient… in a given volume of vehicle (e.g., 2 mg/kg, iv, in isotonic saline).
Drug Dosage
– amount of drug administered over a given time (e.g., 2 mg/kg, 4x day for 10 days).
Dose-Response Curve
describes the effect of different drug doses on behavior (on A specific behavior)
A good dose response curve has at least
_____ 10 doses.
Drug effects depend on:
species tested, drug dose, response examined, environmental/state facts, expereimental/history factors, gender/age/organismic variables, psychological state.
ED 100
Effective dose where it is at 100 percent
Tolerance
a shift in the dose response curve to the right, as well as a decrease in the maximum effective dose
Therapeutic window (TW)
range of doses which produce a good therapeutic outcome without adverse side effects.
