Test 1 Grammar Flashcards
conjugation of essere
sono sei é siamo siete sono
conjugation of avere
ho hai ha abbiamo avete hanno
conjugation of -are verbs
- o
- i
- a
- iamo
- ate
- ano
conjugation of chiamarsi
mi chiamo ti chiami si chiama ci chiamiamo vi chiamate si chiamano
When do you use “di”?
to say where you are from
can be a city or country
When do you use “a”?
to say where you do something
before a city / town
When do you use “in”?
to say where you do something
before a larger place (state or country)
you also use “in” before the centro or periferia
When do you have to add “h” to -are conjugation?
in the tu and noi forms to keep the hard sound
for words that end in g or c
What word do you use for objects close to the speaker?
questo/a
What word do you use for objects far from the speaker?
quello/a
Plural form of masculine nouns
change the -o to an -i
Plural form of feminine nouns
change the -a to an -e
Plural form of -e ending nouns
change the -e to an -i
When you are talking about a mixed group of guys and girls what plural form do you use?
-i ending
Which endings do you need to add a “h” to in the plural form to keep the hard sound?
-co, -ca, -ga, -go
Which type of nouns do not change when plural?
shortened nouns or nouns ending in an accented vowel
Indefinite masculine articles
uno and un
When to use uno?
only before z/s noun
Indefinite feminine articles
un’ or una
When to use un’ ?
Use un’ before a vowel to prevent cacophony
Definite masculine articles, singular
l’
lo
il
Definite masculine articles, plural
gli
i
When do you use l’ ?
before vowels
When do you use lo ?
before z/s nouns
When do you use il ?
before all other masculine consonants besides z/s
When do you use gli ?
before vowels and z/s
When do you use i ?
before all other masculine consonants besides z/s
Definite feminine articles, singular?
l’
la
When do you use la ?
before all consonants, feminine
Definite feminine articles, plural?
le
[k] sound
ca, co, cu
chi, che
[g] hard sound
ga, go, gu
ghi, ghe
[sk] sound
sca, sco, scu
schi, sche
[ch] sound
cia, cio, ciu
ci, ce
[j] sound
gia, gio, giu
gi, ge
[sh] soud
scia, scio, sciu
sci, sce
-ore ending is
masculine
-ione ending is
feminine
What are nouns that end in a consonant?
masculine
When do you use questo and quello?
Most often after “Che cos’é”
