Test 1: General Structure And Function Flashcards
Name the 4 chambers of the heart
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
What are valves?
Valves are flaps (leaflets) that act as one way unkest for blood entering the ventricle and exiting the ventricle. Normal valves have three leaflets except the bicuspid (mitral) valve.
What are the 4 valves? And where are they located?
Bicuspid (mitral) valve - RA/RV
Tricuspid valve - LA/LV
Pulmonary valve - RA/PA
Aortic valve - LV/Aorta
What is the purpose of valves?
As the Heart muscle contracts and relaxes, valves open to allow blood flow into the ventricles and atria at different times.
Name the atrioventricular and semilunar valves
Biscupid, tricuspid, pulmonary and aortic valves
Describe the layers of cardiac muscle that makes up the heart
Parietal pericardium, pericardial fluid, visceral pericardium / (epicardium), myocardium, endocardium.
What are the main coronary arteries?
The left main coronary artery (LMCA) bifurcates into the left circumflex artery (LCx) and the left anterior descending artery (LAD)
The right coronary artery (RCA)
Where are the coronary arteries located?
LMCA and RCA branch off the ascending aorta. LCx courses over the left AV groove and LAD passes towards the apex in the anterior interventricular groove. RCA courses in the right AV groove to the interior surface of the heart
What is the function of the coronary veins?
Responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from the myocardium into the right atrium.
Describe the pulmonary circuit
Main pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood from the RV to left and right pulmonary arteries. These arteries carry blood to the lungs. The pulmonary veins (usually 4) carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart and empty into the left atrium.
Describe the systemic circuit
The superior vena cava (large vein) carries oxygen-poor blood from the upper body into the RA. The inferior vena cava carries oxygen-poor blood from the lower body into the RA. The ascending aorta, first part of the aorta, carries oxygen-rich blood directly out of the left ventricle. From there, blood flows through the aorta‘s many branches to the body.
What is the pericardium?
The pericardium is the outermost layer of the heart. It consists of the epicardium/visceral pericardium, pericardial fluid and parietal pericardium. The parietal and visceral pericardium together form the serous pericardium.
