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Juv Delinquency > Test 1 F2014 > Flashcards

Test 1 F2014 Flashcards

1
Q

Juvenile delinquency

A

the legal term for a person who is under the majority age and breaking the law or criminal code

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2
Q

Extended jurisdiction

A

can have control of the offender until age 25

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3
Q

When does violent crime peak?

A

age 18

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4
Q

When does property crime peak?

A

age 16

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5
Q

Was child/parent relationships close in the middle ages?

A

no- high mortality rates

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6
Q

How many juveniles are arrested each year?

A

1.5 million

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7
Q

Are boys and girls arrested for similar criems?

A

yes, with the exception of girls do more runaways

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8
Q

Do all states have Juvenile systems

A

YES

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9
Q

Does the juv justice system is based on the parens patrae philosophy-

A

yes- what is in best interest of the child

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10
Q

Status Offence

A

illegal because the offender is under 18

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11
Q

Chronic Offender

A

arrested 4+ times

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12
Q

Which demographic factor displays the most stable relationship with delinquency

A

age- age crime curve- doesn’t change over time

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13
Q

Is juv delinquincy rising?

A

no, it’s decreasing

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14
Q

Does Youth commit a disproportionate amount of crime

A

yes. EXCEPT VIOLENT CRIME

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15
Q

Is Uniform crime report is a valid measure of criminal activity?

A

no.

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16
Q

When did the government start treating children as a distinct social group instead of “little adults”

A

350 years ago

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17
Q

What changes led to the recognition of childhood in the 16-1800’s?

A 
Changes in family structure
Laws to control/protect children
Urbanization/industrialization 
Dangerous classes
Child saving movement
State intervention 
Mandatory education
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18
Q

Who established the juvenile court and when?

A

Chicago, Illinois Juvenile Court Act, 1899

19
Q

Past JJS?

A

Separate neglected/status/delinquent youth

All kids were treated the same. Our system was not complex enough to cater to different needs.

20
Q

Current JJS?

A

Complex system
Costs 90,000 to house a kid in the juvenile system for 1 year because of Fed Involvement (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention)

21
Q

At-Risk Youth

A

25% of the population

22
Q

The 5 status Offenses that courts control

A

Habitual truants
Repeated disregard for parental authority
Repeated running away
Repeated use of intoxicating beverages
Delinquent acts by children younger than 10

23
Q

How do we measure delinquency?

A

official reports, victim surveys, self report surveys

24
Q

UCR

A

Raw figures (# of crimes reported, arrests made)
Crime rates= #crime/total pop x 100,000
Changes in the number and rate of crime over time
Most commonly cited
Presented by age, race, gender
Part I and Part 2 Offenses

25
Q

arrest statistics

A

Violent: 68K (840 homicide arrest)
Property: 335K
Total delinquency down 31% since 2002, 11% since 2010
Most common offenses: truancy, alcohol/marijuana, fake ID, shoplifter/larceny, simple assault, damaging property

26
Q

The Dark Figure of Crime

A

crime that is not reported

27
Q

Disproportionate Minority Contact

A

blacks are more likely to be arrested, formally processed, and stay longer in the juvenile system compared to whites

28
Q

Choice Theory

A

Classical Criminology (16-1800s)
Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarian philosophy/Shared morality

Cost-Benefit Analysis
rational choice 
Free will
Focus on act
Belief that “crime pays
29
Q

Deterrence

A

General Deterrence

  • Swift, severe, certain
  • Before the act

Specific Deterrence
-After the act

30
Q

Trait Theories

A

Youth engage in delinquent behavior due to aberrant physical or psychological traits that govern behavioral choices
Delinquent actions are impulsive or instinctual rather than rational choices.

31
Q

National Research Council Theory

A 
Hyperactivity
Risk taking
Impulsivity
Poor attention span
Low IQ
32
Q

Characteristics of Adult violent offenders

A 
Low empathy
Head injuries
Inadequate prenatal care
Lead paint
Abuse, neglect, lack of parental nurturing
33
Q

Trait Theories: Biosocial and Psychological

A

Origins in Lombroso’s criminal atavism
The idea that delinquents manifest physical anomalies present at birth that make them biologically and physiologically similar to our primitive ancestors.
“born criminal” (body type)

Charles Goring
Defective intelligence
“feeblemindedness”, mentally deficient, low IQ

34
Q

Biosocial Theories of Delinquency

A

Biosocial theory focuses on the association between biological makeup, environmental conditions, and antisocial behaviors.

Biological problems lead to social problems which make youth vulnerable to criminal activity

35
Q

Psychological Theory

A

Most delinquents have poor home lives, relationship problems, and issues with authority
Seen as a function of mental disturbance

Psychodynamic theory: unconscious mental disorder caused by relationship/trauma early in life can lead to delinquency

36
Q

Personality

A

is defined as the stable patterns of behavior, including thoughts and emotions, which distinguish one person from another.

37
Q

Social Structure Theories

A 
Place and crime
View that social and economic forces operating in deteriorated lower-class areas, including disorganization, stress, and cultural deviance, push residents into criminal behavior patterns.
38
Q

Social Disorganization Theory

A 
Shaw and McKay: Chicago 
Concentric Zones
1.Poverty
2.Transience – moving in and out
3.Heterogeneity – lots of difference, different race, values,

Schools, jobs, housing
Depression isolation, family disruption, apathy, fear, disorder

Informal Social Control

39
Q

Differential association

A

frequency, duration, priority, intensity

40
Q

Differential Reinforcement

A

Balance of real or anticipation rewards/punishments

41
Q

Aker’s Social Learning Theory

A
  1. Differenial asociation
  2. Definitions
  3. Differential Reinforcement
  4. Imitation
42
Q

Definitions

A
  • Attitudes/meaning attached to behavior

Techniques

43
Q

Social Bonding Theory

A 
Travis Hirschi
Assumes a criminal nature
Attachment
Commitment
Belief
Involvement
44
Q

Labeling Theory

A

Crime is the result of reactions/efforts of formal social control agents (police, courts, corrections)
Primary deviance
Secondary deviance

Juv Delinquency (2 decks)

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