Test #1 Early-Mid Baroque (17th Century up through de Araujo, Chapters 13-16)

Question 1

Doctrine of affections

Answer 1

Stylized emotions, goal of music is to move the affections

Question 2

Two most important instruments of the Baroque

Answer 2

Violin & Harpsichord

Question 3

Two big principles of the Baroque

Answer 3

1. Ornamentation/Improvisation 2. Contrast

Question 4

Three kinds of music in the Baroque period

Answer 4

Church, Chamber, Theater

Question 5

Basso continuo/thoroughbass

Answer 5

composer wrote out th melody or melodies and the bass line but left it to the performers to fill in the appropriate chords or inner parts

Question 6

Monody

Answer 6

(1) An accompanied solo song. (2) The musical texture of solo singing accompanied by one or more instruments

Question 7

Recitative

Answer 7

A type of vocal singing that approaches speech and follows the natural rhythms of the text

Question 8

Baroque

Answer 8

~1590-1735

Question 9

Prima prattica/first practice

Answer 9

The 16th-century style of vocal polyphony codified by Zarlino; had to follow its own rules and thus dominated the verbal text

Question 10

Seconda prattica/second practice

Answer 10

Vocal style used by modern Italians; music serves to heighten the effect and rhetorical power of the words, and voice-leading rules may be broken and dissonances may be used more freely to express the feelings evoked in the text

Question 11

Continuo instruments

Answer 11

Typically harpsichord, organ, lute, or theorbo (also called chitarrone)

Question 12

Figured bass

Answer 12

Added figures by the composer above or below the bass notes to indicate the precise notes required

Question 13

Realization

Answer 13

The actual playing of figured bass

Question 14

Concertato medium/concertato style

Answer 14

Contrasting forces are brought together in a harmonious ensemble

Question 15

Concerted madrigal

Answer 15

For one or more voices (sometimes with melody instruments)

Question 16

Sacred concerto

Answer 16

A sacred vocal work with instruments

Question 17

Measures

Answer 17

recurring patterns of strong and weak beats, with the value and number of beats indicated by time signatures

Question 18

Ornamentation

Answer 18

A means for moving the affections; adding decoration to notes

Question 19

Ornaments

Answer 19

Trills, turns, appoggiaturas, and mordents

Question 20

Division, diminution, or figuration

Answer 20

More extended embellishments, such as scales, arpeggios, and the like

Question 21

Cadenzas

Answer 21

Elaborate passages decorating important cadences

Question 22

Tonal

Answer 22

Operating within the system of major and minor keys familiar from music of the 18th &19th centuries

Question 23

Opera

Answer 23

A union of poetry, drama, music, and stagecraft, all brought to life through performance

Question 24

Libretto

Answer 24

Text in an opera, Italian for “little book”

Question 25

Pastoral drama

Answer 25

A play in verse with music and songs intersperesed

Question 26

Madrigal comedy/madrigal cycle

Answer 26

Composers grouped madrigals in a series to represent a succession of scenes or a simple plot

Question 27

Intermedio

Answer 27

A musical interlude on a pastoral, allegorical, or mytholgical subject performed between acts of a play

Question 28

Camerata

Answer 28

Circle, or association

Question 29

Aria

Answer 29

Any setting of strophic poetry

Question 30

Solo Madrigal

Answer 30

Through-composed settings of nonstrophic poems, sung for one’s own entertainment or for an audience

Question 31

Recitative style

Answer 31

Speech-song

Question 32

Sinfonia

Answer 32

A generic term used throughout the seventeeths century for an abstract ensemble piece, especially one that serves as a prelude

Question 33

Ritornello

Answer 33

An instrumental refrain

Question 34

Strophic variation

Answer 34

Varying the melody and the duration fot he harmonies to reflect the accentuation and meaning of the text

Question 35

Concitato genere, or stile concitato

Answer 35

Excited style, characterized by rapid reiteration on a single note, whether on quickly spoken syllables or in a measured string tremolo

Question 36

Recitativo arioso, or arioso

Answer 36

Passages that lie somewhere between recitative and aria style

Question 37

Castrati

Answer 37

Males who were castrated before puberty to preserve their high vocal range

Question 38

Prima donna

Answer 38

Italian for “first lady,” the lead soprano in an opera

Question 39

Cruda Amarili

Answer 39

Monteverdi

Madrigal

5 voices

Fairly typical Renaissance madrigal except for its treatment of dissonance

Question 40

Vedrò ‘l mio sol

Answer 40

Caccini

Solo monodic madrigal

narrow range

lots of repeated notes

text driven

ornamentation at cadences