test #1- descriptive stats Flashcards
What is a survey
the process to gather information with the goal of making informed decisions.
what is data
collection of observations
what is population
complete group
what is a sample
a subset of the population
what are the 4 different sources of bias
sampling bias, non-responsive bias, measurement bias and response bias
what is a bias
any factor that favours certain outcomes or responses and consequentially skews the survey results.
what is a sampling bias
Who is being sampled; when the sample doesn’t reflect the characteristics of the population.
what is a non-responsive bias
what is being asked; what particular groups are under represented in a survey because they choose not to participate.
What is a measurement bias
how the survey is conducted; when the data collections methods either under or over estimate characteristics of the population.
what is a response bias
how is the question asked; when participants deliberately give false or misleading information.
how do you call data that describes some characteristic of a population
parameter
how do you call data that describes some characteristic of a sample
statistic
what is quantitative data
data that represents counts or measurements (numerical)
what is qualitative data
data that represents names, labels or attributes (categorical)
what are the 2 types of quantitative data
discrete and continuous
what is discrete data
data values that are finite or “countable” (no decimals)
what is continuous data
data values that can represent infinitely many possible values (decimals)
What are level of measurements
they tell you how precisely data variables are recorded
what are the 4 types of Level of measurement
Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio
what level of measurements are used for qualitative data
nominal and ordinal
what level of measurements are used for quantitative data
interval and ratio
what is nominal measurement
it is for categories only, no order, no better answers (eye colour)
what is ordinal measurement
for categories only, hierarchy to the response (so better answer) (grade on test ABC…)
what is interval measurement
with order, for numbers, possible 0 (temperatures) No better answers but higher lower
what is ratio measurement
with order and zero is not realistic. (indicate your weight)
what are the four different data collection methods
systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling and convenience sampling.
what is systematic sampling
going through the population sequentially and selecting participants at regular intervals.
what is stratified sampling
when the population contains groups of members who share a common characteristic. the groups are called stratas and they don’t need to be the same size. entire strata is not always selected and samples from each stratas can be different
what is cluster sampling
random selection of naturally occurring groups. Entire cluster is chosen. (people who live in the same province).
what is convinience sampling
a group of participants is used simply because they are accessible
