test #1- descriptive stats

Question 1

What is a survey

Answer 1

the process to gather information with the goal of making informed decisions.

Question 2

what is data

Answer 2

collection of observations

Question 3

what is population

Answer 3

complete group

Question 4

what is a sample

Answer 4

a subset of the population

Question 5

what are the 4 different sources of bias

Answer 5

sampling bias, non-responsive bias, measurement bias and response bias

Question 6

what is a bias

Answer 6

any factor that favours certain outcomes or responses and consequentially skews the survey results.

Question 7

what is a sampling bias

Answer 7

Who is being sampled; when the sample doesn’t reflect the characteristics of the population.

Question 8

what is a non-responsive bias

Answer 8

what is being asked; what particular groups are under represented in a survey because they choose not to participate.

Question 9

What is a measurement bias

Answer 9

how the survey is conducted; when the data collections methods either under or over estimate characteristics of the population.

Question 10

what is a response bias

Answer 10

how is the question asked; when participants deliberately give false or misleading information.

Question 11

how do you call data that describes some characteristic of a population

Answer 11

parameter

Question 12

how do you call data that describes some characteristic of a sample

Answer 12

statistic

Question 13

what is quantitative data

Answer 13

data that represents counts or measurements (numerical)

Question 14

what is qualitative data

Answer 14

data that represents names, labels or attributes (categorical)

Question 15

what are the 2 types of quantitative data

Answer 15

discrete and continuous

Question 16

what is discrete data

Answer 16

data values that are finite or “countable” (no decimals)

Question 17

what is continuous data

Answer 17

data values that can represent infinitely many possible values (decimals)

Question 18

What are level of measurements

Answer 18

they tell you how precisely data variables are recorded

Question 19

what are the 4 types of Level of measurement

Answer 19

Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio

Question 20

what level of measurements are used for qualitative data

Answer 20

nominal and ordinal

Question 21

what level of measurements are used for quantitative data

Answer 21

interval and ratio

Question 22

what is nominal measurement

Answer 22

it is for categories only, no order, no better answers (eye colour)

Question 23

what is ordinal measurement

Answer 23

for categories only, hierarchy to the response (so better answer) (grade on test ABC…)

Question 24

what is interval measurement

Answer 24

with order, for numbers, possible 0 (temperatures) No better answers but higher lower

Question 25

what is ratio measurement

Answer 25

with order and zero is not realistic. (indicate your weight)

Question 26

what are the four different data collection methods

Answer 26

systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling and convenience sampling.

Question 27

what is systematic sampling

Answer 27

going through the population sequentially and selecting participants at regular intervals.

Question 28

what is stratified sampling

Answer 28

when the population contains groups of members who share a common characteristic. the groups are called stratas and they don’t need to be the same size. entire strata is not always selected and samples from each stratas can be different

Question 29

what is cluster sampling

Answer 29

random selection of naturally occurring groups. Entire cluster is chosen. (people who live in the same province).

Question 30

what is convinience sampling

Answer 30

a group of participants is used simply because they are accessible