Test 1 cont. Flashcards
pH below ___ or above ___ is fatal?
6.8 and 7.8
incomplete oxidation of fats
keto acid
incomplete oxidation of glucose
lactic acid
lactic acid is a marker for what?
inadequate tissue perfusion- lots of anerobic metabolism happening
characteristics of metabolic alkalosis
High pH, >7.45
High plasma bicarbonate concentration >26 mEq/L
Gain of bicarbonate
Loss of h+
causes of metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting
Gastric suctioning
Loss of potassium
Chronic use of calcium carbonate, antacids, thiazides, furosemide
kidneys and lungs response to metabolic alkalosis
kidneys- healthy kidneys respond and excrete bicarb and retain metabolic acid; lungs decrease rate and depth of respirations retaining CO2
characteristics of metabolic acidosis?
Low pH, <7.35
Gain of H+ ions
Loss of bicarbonate
causes of metabolic acidosis?
Diarrhea, ileostomy
Salicylate poisoning
Parenteral nutrition
Use of diuretics
Early renal insufficiency
Result of other diseases or conditions
Hypoxia (Lactic acid)
Renal failure
starvation
characteristics of respiratory alkalosis?
pH >7.45
Loss of co2
causes of respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation- always cause
Anxiety
Fear
Asthma
Hypoxemia
Salicylate intoxication
High fever
Gram-negative bacteremia
Inappropriate vent settings/ BVM Ventilation
sx of resp alkalosis?
Symptoms- Tingling of extremities, dizziness, tetany- muscle contracture
characteristics of resp acidosis?
Ph < 7.35
PaCO2 > 42 mmHg
Increased carbon dioxide, excess carbonic acid
causes of resp acidosis?
Hypoventilation
Atelectasis
Pneumonia
Obstruction
OD
Head injury
Acute pulmonary edema
Pneumothorax
Sleep apnea
ARDS
sx for resp acidosis?
change in mental status, confusion, lethargy- leads to coma
