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Principles of Management > Test 1 (Chp 1-4) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Chp 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

Classical Viewpoint: Scientific Management

A

Emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.

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2
Q

Scientific Management was important because….

A

Labor was in short supply in the 20th century

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3
Q

Classical Viewpoint: Administrative Management

A

Concerned with managing the total organization

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4
Q

Administrative Management is focused on…

A

The jobs of individuals. Focused on planning, organizing, leading and controlling of management

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5
Q

Behavioral Viewpoint: Hawthorne Studies

A

Theory that employees worked harder if they received added attention

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6
Q

Behavioral Viewpoint: Theory X & Y

A

Helps managers avoid falling into the trap of the self-fulfilling prophecy

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7
Q

Management Science Viewpoint

A

Focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making

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8
Q

Operations Management Viewpoint

A

Focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization’s products or services more effectively

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9
Q

Systems Viewpoint

A

Regards the organization as a system of interrelated parts

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10
Q

Systems Viewpoint: Four Parts of a System

A
  1. Inputs
  2. Outputs
  3. Transformation Processes
  4. Feedback
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11
Q

Contingency Viewpoint

A

Emphasizes that a manager’s approach should vary according to - that is, be contingent on - the individual and the environmental situation

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12
Q

Quality Management Viewpoint

A

Which includes quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management

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13
Q

Stakeholders

A

The people whose interests are affected by an organization’s activities

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14
Q

External Stakeholders

A

The General Environment & The Task Environment

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15
Q

Internal Stakeholders

A

Employees, Owners, Board of Directors

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16
Q

Ethics

A

The standards of right and wrong that influence behavior

17
Q

Value System

A

Relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person’s behavior

18
Q

What are the three levels of Ethical Development?

A

Level 1 - Pre-conventional
Level 2 - Conventional
Level 3 - Post-conventional

19
Q

Pre-conventional Ethical Development

A

Follow the rules

20
Q

Conventional Ethical Development

A

Follows the expectations of others

21
Q

Post-conventional Ethical Development

A

Guided by internal values

22
Q

Diversity

A

Represents all the ways people are unlike and alike

23
Q

Four parts to an effective ethics program in organizations:

A
  1. Creating a strong ethical climate
  2. Screening prospective employees
  3. Instituting ethics codes & training programs
  4. Rewarding ethical behavior: Protecting the whistle blowers
24
Q

Internal dimensions of diversity

A

Those human differences that exert a powerful, sustained effect throughout every stage of our lives

25
Q

External dimensions of diversity

A

An element of choice; they consist of the personal characteristics that people acquire, discard or modify throughout their lives

26
Q

Globalization

A

The trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system

27
Q

Ethnocentric Mangers

A

Believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others

28
Q

Polycentric Managers

A

Take the view that native managers in the foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices, and so the home office should leave them alone

29
Q

Geocentric Managers

A

Accepts that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective

30
Q

Who do companies expand internationally?

A

The availability of supplies, new market opportunities, lower labor costs, access to financial capital, avoidance of tariffs and import quotas

31
Q

Culture

A

The shared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to a group of people

32
Q

Indiviualism

A

Indicates a preference for a loosely knit social framework in which people are expected to take care of themselves

33
Q

Collectivism

A

Indicates a preference for a tightly knit social framework in which people and organizations are expected to look after each other

34
Q

Power Distance

A

Refers to the degree to which people accept inequality in social situations

35
Q

Uncertainty Avoidance

A

People’s intolerance for uncertainty and risk

36
Q

Masculinity

A

Expresses how much people value performance-orientated masculine traits, such as achievement, assertiveness, and material success

37
Q

What are Hofstede’s Model of Four Cultural Dimensions?

A

Individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity

Principles of Management (1 decks)

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