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Criminal Justice 101 > Test 1 (Chapters 1-4) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Chapters 1-4) Flashcards

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1
Q

Due Process

A

Slow, Methodical. Concerned more with protecting the innocent than punishing the guilty.

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2
Q

Crime Control

A

Fast, Efficient. Concerned more with getting people in and out of the Criminal Justice system as quickly as possible.

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3
Q

Crime

A

No universal definition.

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4
Q

Crime - Legal Definition

A

An intentional violation of law or penal code

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5
Q

Social norm

A

What is considered acceptable in society. Varies between groups, locations, and times.

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6
Q

Defenses of crime

A

Insanity, Duress, Necessity, Culpability, Entrapment, Self-Defense

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7
Q

Categories of Crime - 3 Categories

A

Public Order
Violent
Property

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8
Q

Categories of Crime - 2 Categories (F/M)

A

Felonies

Misdemeanors

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9
Q

Categories of Crime - 2 Categories (Mala)

A

Mala in se

Mala prohibita

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10
Q

UCR

A

Unified Crime Reports: National survey conducted that gains voluntary information about crimes.

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11
Q

NCVS

A

National Crime Victimization Survey: Asks people if they’ve been the victim of a crime and asks them to describe it.

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12
Q

NIBRS

A

National Incident Based Reporting System: Provides more details than the UCR about crimes.

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13
Q

Classical School of Criminology

A

People have free will and thus will commit crimes in order to give themselves or others pleasure or pain.

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14
Q

Neoclassical School of Criminology

A

Same as the classical, but there are mitigating factors that inhibits a person’s free will: Insanity, Duress, Age, Etc.

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15
Q

Positivists

A

People who believe that there are reasons other than free will that cause people to do crimes.

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16
Q

Biological

A

Biochemistry causes crime.

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17
Q

Sociological

A

Crime is a social fact.

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18
Q

Learning Theories

A

Crime is committed because it is positively or negatively reinforced or is imitated.

19
Q

Components of a Law

A

Politicality, Specificity, Regularity, Uniformity, Penal Code

20
Q

Politicality

A

Brought up by a state

21
Q

Specificity

A

Defined by specific acts

22
Q

Regularity

A

Applies to everyone, regardless of social class

23
Q

Uniformity

A

Punishment applies to everyone, regardless of social class

24
Q

Penal Code

A

The crime is punishable

25
Q

Tort

A

Violation of civil law

26
Q

Probable Cause

A

The articulated facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a person has probably committed that crime.

27
Q

Reasonable Suspicion

A

The articulated facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime is going to happen, is happening, or has happened.

28
Q

Search Warrant Exceptions

A

Hot Pursuit, Within Arms Reach, Emergency, Inevitable Discovery, Plain View, Consent

29
Q

Common Law

A

Precedents

30
Q

4th Amendment

A

No illegal searches and seizures

31
Q

5th Amendment

A

No self-incrimination

32
Q

6th Amendment

A

Speedy and Public Trial

33
Q

8th Amendment

A

No cruel and unusual punishment

34
Q

14th Amendment

A

Due Process

35
Q

Exclusionary Rule

A

Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used against a person in court

36
Q

PATRIOT Act

A

Allows the federal government to do searches and seizures that they normally wouldn’t be able to because they have reasonable suspicion that a person involved in terrorism.

37
Q

Terry V. Ohio

A

Stop and Frisk

38
Q

Stop

A

If you have reasonable suspicion, you can stop someone

39
Q

Frisk

A

Armed and Dangerous

40
Q

Mala in se

A

“Wrong in themselves”. Crimes that are wrong at anytime and anywhere.

41
Q

Mala prohibita

A

Lending your neighbor your vacuum in Denver. Crimes that in one location, but not in another.

42
Q

Weeks v United States

A

Established the Exclusionary Rule on a federal level

43
Q

Mapp v Ohio

A

Established the Exclusionary Rule on a state level

Criminal Justice 101 (4 decks)

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