Test 1 (Chapters 1-2) Flashcards
The ability of other scientists to reach the same conclusing by performing the same experiment under different conditions
reproducibility
What power of ten does the prefix kilo represent?
What are the four limiations of science?
scope, bias, assumption, approximation
amount of matter in an object
mass
What is the ratio of density of a substance to the density of a standard substance?
specific gravity
What are the three main components of the engineering design process?
defining the problem, designing a solution, evaluating the solution
The purpose of ___ is to determine cause and effect.
inductive reasoning
The ability to do work
energy
In addition and subtraction, results are rounded to the last place that is significant in ___
the least accurate measurement
fahrenheit to celsisus
reasoning from specific evidence to a general conclusion
inductive reasoning
how closely a series of measurements match each other
precision
In logic, a statement of fact is called a(n)
proposition
The system of measurement accepted as the standard for scientific and technical purposes
SI (International System of Measurement)
What can be described as the substance of the physical world?
matter
Type of proposition containing an if/then statement
hypothetical proposition
the closeness of a measurement to the quantity’s actual value
accuracy
characteristic that a design must have to function at all
criterion
What system of measurement adds a prefix to each base unit to make it larger or smaller?
metric (system)
What are the minimum characteristics that a design must have to function?
criteria
Volume of a rectangular prism
calculate volume of an object
What property causes matter to resist changes in motion?
inertia
calculate density
convert from Celsius to Kelvin
convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit
leads one to see and believe what he wants to be true, not what is true
bias
In general, a solid will float in a liquid if and only if …
the solid has a lower density than the liquid.
group in an experiment in which the independent variable is absent
control group.
limited to the study of created matter and energy in the present.
scope
change that changes the substance
chemical change
A specific measure to which other measures are compared to ensure uniformity
standard of measure
Does science rely on assumptions?
yes
When writing a number in scientific notation to obtain the first factor, place the decimal point after ____. The second factor is obtained by ___.
Attach a positive sign to the exponent if the decimal point has been moved to the ___ or attach a negative sign if it has been moved to the ___.
the first nonzero digit
setting the exponent of ten equal to the number of places the decimal point has been moved from its original location.
left; right
To decipher scientific notation, write down the first factor; then ___.
If the exponent is negative, the number is ___ one; move the decimal point to the ___.
move the decimal point to the right or left according to the number and sign of the exponent.
less than; left
Science can provide ______ descriptions of how the world works.
only approximate
measure of an object’s thermal energy
temperature
What is the SI unit for mass?
kilogram
If some data could exist that would prove a hypothesis to be incorrect, than the hypothesis is ___
falsifiable
What is a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence?
inference
form of inference in which the consequent must be true because the antecedent is true
affirming the antecedent
What prefix is added to a unit to indicate one-thousandth?
milli-
Which step of the scientific method involves formulating a tentative explanation to answer a scientific problem?
hypothesizing
What logical fallacy involves assuming that one thing causes another because it occured before the other
post hoc fallacy
deca
In multiplication and division, the answer is rounded to the same number of significant digits as ____
the least significant factor
What fallacy occurs when a single term is ambiguously used with two different meanings in a signle argument?
equivocation
How do mathematics and science relate to each other?
Mathematics is the language of science
A push or pull on an object
force
fallacy in which an argument is based on the support of someone considered authority instead of being based on facts and sound reason
argument from authority
amount of gravitational pull on an object
weight
method of inductive reasoning that involves comparing two situations that are the same except for one factor, which is present in one situation but not in the other
method of difference
Which step of the scientific method involves organizing data and researching the findings of other scientists’ data?
observing
amount of space an object occupies
volume
What is the best way to determine the volume of a large, irregularly shaped solid?
fluid displacement
a model with the exact shape, proportions, and appearance as the object it represents
physical model
What are the five rules of significant digits
- All non zero digits are significant and should be recorded.
- Zeros at the beginning of a number are never significant.
- Zeros between nonzero digits are significant.
- Zeros that are at the end of a number that has a decimal point are significant.
- Zeros at the end of a number that does not have a decimal point are placeholders and are considered not significant.
law of causality
every effect has a cause and that the same cause will produce the same effect
calculate specific gravity
