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Psychology 101 - ACC Castle Rock > Test 1 (Chapter 1, 2, 11) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Chapter 1, 2, 11) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

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2
Q

What are the two major types of research in psychology?

A

Basic and Applied

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3
Q

What is Basic research?

A

Gathers knowledge for the sake of knowledge

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4
Q

What is Applied research?

A

Changing behaviors and outcomes. Has real life applications.

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5
Q

What are the goals of psychology?

A

Describe, Explain, Predict, Control

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6
Q

What is Describe in terms of the goals of psychology?

A

To report what is observed

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7
Q

What is Explain in terms of the goals of psychology?

A

To organize and make sense of what researchers have observed

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8
Q

What is Predict in terms of the goals of psychology?

A

To predict behaviors or outcomes on the basis of observed patterns

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9
Q

What is Control in terms of the goals of psychology?

A

To use research findings to shape, modify, and control behavior.

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10
Q

Identify Influential People

A

Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Titchener, William James

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11
Q

Who was Wilhelm Wundt?

A

He created the first psychology laboratory.

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12
Q

Who was Edward Titchener?

A

He established structuralism to study the elements of the mind.

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13
Q

Who was William James?

A

He offered the first psychology class in the United States.

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14
Q

What are the major perspectives in psychology?

A

Psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, evolutionary, biological, sociocultural, and biopsychosocial.

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15
Q

What is the psychoanalytic perspective?

A

Looks at the unconscious conflicts at the root of personality development.

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16
Q

What is the behavioral perspective?

A

Examines human behavior primarily through associations, reinforcers, and observation.

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17
Q

What is the humanistic perspective?

A

Focuses on the positive and growth aspects of human nature.

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18
Q

What is the cognitive perspective?

A

Considers the mental processes that direct behavior.

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19
Q

What is the evolutionary perspective?

A

Examines heritable traits that increase or decrease in frequency across generations.

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20
Q

What is the biological perspective?

A

Identifies the physiological basis of behavior.

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21
Q

What is the sociocultural perspective?

A

Looks at the social and cultural influences that impact behavior.

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22
Q

What is the biopshycosocial perspective?

A

Explains human behavior in terms of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

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23
Q

What is pseudopsychology?

A

An approach to examining and explaining behavior that is not based in objective evidence.

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24
Q

What is critical thinking?

A

The process of weighing various pieces of evidence, synthesizing them, and determining how each contributes to the bigger picture.

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25
Q

What is pseudopsychology’s relationship to critical thinking?

A

There is none. Critical thinking is absent from pseudopsychology.

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26
Q

What is the scientific method and what are its applications in psychology?

A

The scientific method is how repeatable and valid an experiment is. If an experiment is valid and repeatable, it can be used in the future as a baseline.

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27
Q

Summarize the importance of a random sample.

A

A random sample ensures that all members of a population have an equal chance of being selected to participate in a study, which then allows for a greater chance that a representative sample is used.

28
Q

What is descriptive research?

A

An investigation that looks at new or unexplored topics. Methods include naturalistic observation, case studies, the survey method, and the correlation method.

29
Q

How does the experimental method relate to cause and effect?

A

If all of the variables are controlled except for the ones being experimented on, then if there is a change in the behavior of those groups can be seen as a direct result of that change.

30
Q

What are ethics important in psychology?

A

To protect the participants.

31
Q

What is neuroscience?

A

The study of the neurons and the brain.

32
Q

What is biological psychology?

A

A subfield of psychology that focuses on how the brain and other biological systems influence behavior.

33
Q

What are the contributions of neuroscience and biological psychology in understanding human behavior?

A

These disciplines help discover connections between behavior and the brain as well as physiological reasons of the behavior.

34
Q

What does an EEG (electroencephalogram) do?

A

Detects electrical impulses in the brain

35
Q

What does a CAT/CT (computerized axial tomography) scan do?

A

Uses X-rays to create many cross-sectional images of the brain.

36
Q

What does a MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) do?

A

Uses magnets and pulses of radio waves to produce more detailed cross-sectional images.

37
Q

What does a PET (Positron emission tomography) do?

A

Uses radioactivity to track glucose consumption to construct a map of the brain.

38
Q

What does a fMRI (Functional magnetic resonance imaging) do?

A

Captures changes in brain activity by tracking patters of blood flow.

39
Q

What are the three basic parts of a neuron?

A

The Cell body, axon, and dendrites

40
Q

What is an action potential?

A

The electrical signal that moves down the axon, causing a neuron to send chemical messages across the synapse.

41
Q

How do neurons communicate with each other?

A

Neurotransmitters

42
Q

What is the difference between a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

A

Neurotransmitters are quick and dissipate quickly, where as hormones are slow to release, dissipate slowly, and are glandular. An example of both is epinephrine.

43
Q

What are the two branches of the peripheral nervous system?

A

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

44
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

The system that controls the skeletal muscles that enable voluntary movement.

45
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

The system that regulates the body’s involuntary processes.

46
Q

What are the two main parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

47
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The body’s reaction to stress. The fight or flight response.

48
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

The system that oversees the rest-and-digest processes.

49
Q

What is the role of the endocrine system?

A

The endocrine system uses chemicals to send messages through the body.

50
Q

What does the left hemisphere of the brain control?

A

Controls most of the movement and sensation on the right side of the body. This side excels in language.

51
Q

What does the right hemisphere of the brain control?

A

Controls most of the movement and sensation on the left side of the body. This side excels in visual-spatial tasks.

52
Q

What is lateralization?

A

The localization of function or activity (as of verbal processes in the brain) on one side of the body in preference to the other

53
Q

What are the areas in the brain that are responsible for language production and comprehension?

A

Broca’s area is primarily responsible for speech production and Wernicke’s area is primarily responsible for language comprehension.

54
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The brains ability to form and rearrange synaptic connections in response to learning, experience, and injury.

55
Q

What are the lobes of the brain?

A

The prefrontal cortex, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe.

56
Q

What is the purpose of the prefrontal cortex?

A

Personality, higher level thinking

57
Q

What is the purpose of the parietal lobe?

A

Consolidation of sensory information, proprioception, and math

58
Q

What is the purpose of the temporal lobe?

A

Auditory and linguistics

59
Q

What is the purpose of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

60
Q

What comprises the limbic system?

A

The hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and the hypothalamus.

61
Q

What is the purpose of the hippocampus?

A

Memory and the creation of new cells

62
Q

What is the purpose of the amygdala?

A

The fight or flight response

63
Q

What is the purpose of the thalamus?

A

The message center of the brain

“Air traffic control”

64
Q

What is the purpose of the hypothalamus?

A

Regulation

“The thermostat”

65
Q

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

A

hunger, breathing, heart rate, hunger

66
Q

What is stress?

A

There are two types of stress; stress and eustress. Stress is the body’s reaction when it is threatened and eustress is something like childbirth. Stress is considered negative while eustress is considered positive.

Psychology 101 - ACC Castle Rock (1 decks)

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