Test 1 (Chapter 1)

Question 1

All aspects of the natural physical surroundings, such as climate, terrain, soils, vegetation, and wildlife

Answer 1

Physical environment

Question 2

An abstract location on a map

Answer 2

Space

Question 3

An abstraction, an imaginary situation, proposed by geographers to stimulate laboratory conditions so that they can isolate certain causal forces

Answer 3

Model

Question 4

Used to connote the subjective, ideographic, humanistic, culturally oriented type of geography that seeks to understand the unique character of individual regions and places

Answer 4

Place

Question 5

A cultural region inhabited by people who have one or more cultural traits in common; such as language, religion, or system of livelihood

Answer 5

Formal region

Question 6

The areas where different regions meet and sometimes overlap

Answer 6

Border zones

Question 7

Concept based on the tendency of both formal and functional culture regions to consist of a core or node, in which defining traits are purest or functions are headquartered, and a periphery that is tributary and displays fewer defining traits

Answer 7

Core-periphery

Question 8

A cultural area that functions as a unit politically, socially, or economically

Answer 8

Functional region

Question 9

A central point in a functional culture region where functions are coordinated and directed

Answer 9

Node

Question 10

A culture region perceived to exist by its inhabitants, based in the collective spatial perception of the population at large and bearing a generally accepted name or nickname

Answer 10

Vernacular region

Question 11

The relative ability of people, ideas, or things to move freely through space

Answer 11

Mobility

Question 12

The movement of people, ideas, or things from one location outward toward other locations

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

The spread of an innovation or other element of culture that occurs with the bodily relocation (migration) of the individual or group responsible for the innovation

Answer 13

Relocation diffusion

Question 14

The spread of innovations within an area in a snowballing process, so that the total number of knowers or users becomes greater and the area of occurrence grows

Answer 14

Expansion diffusion

Question 15

A type of expansion diffusion in which a specific traits fails to spread but the underlying idea or concept is accepted

Answer 15

Stimulus diffusion

Question 16

The decrease in acceptance of a cultural innovation with increasing time and distance from its origin

Answer 16

Time-distance decay

Question 17

A barrier that completely halts diffusion of innovations and blocks the spread of cultural elements

Answer 17

Absorbing barrier

Question 18

The large-scale movements of people between different regions of the world

Answer 18

Migrations

Question 19

The movements of groups of people who maintain ties to their homelands after they have migrated

Answer 19

Transnational migrations

Question 20

The binding together of all lands and peoples of the world into an integrated system driven by capitalistic free markets, in which cultural diffusion is rapid, independent states are weakened, and cultural homogenization is encouraged

Answer 20

Globalization

Question 21

The tendency for industry to develop in core-periphery pattern, enriching the industrialized countries of the core and impoverishing the less industrialized periphery. Suburban areas are enriched while the inner city is impoverished

Answer 21

Uneven development

Question 22

A term that refers to the complex relationships between people and the physical environment

Answer 22

Nature-culture

Question 23

The study of the relationships between the physical environment and culture

Answer 23

Cultural ecology

Question 24

The belief that cultures are directly or indirectly shaped by the physical environment

Answer 24

Environmental determinism

Question 25

The belief that humans are the primary active force; that any environment offers a number of different possible ways for a culture to develop

Answer 25

Possibilism

Question 26

The belief that culture depends more on what people perceive the environment to be that on the actual character of the environment

Answer 26

Environmental perception

Question 27

An inherent danger present in a given habitat, such as floods, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, or earthquakes

Answer 27

Natural hazard

Question 28

The view that humans are part of, not separate from, nature and that the habitat possesses a soul and is filled with nature-spirits

Answer 28

Organic view of nature

Question 29

The view that humans are separate from nature and hold dominion over it and that the habitat is an integrated mechanism governed by external forces that the human mind can understand and manipulate

Answer 29

Mechanistic view of nature

Question 30

A doctrine proposing that women are inherently better environmental preservationists than men because the traditional roles of women involved creating and nurturing life, whereas the traditional roles of men too often necessitated death and destruction

Answer 30

Ecofeminism

Question 31

All the built forms that cultural groups create in inhabiting the Earth - roads, agricultural fields, cities, houses, parks, gardens, commercial buildings, etc

Answer 31

Cultural landscape

Question 32

Landscapes that express the values, beliefs, and meanings of a particular culture

Answer 32

Symbolic landscapes

Question 33

The visible human imprint on the land

Answer 33

Cultural landscape

Question 34

The spatial arrangement of buildings, roads, towns, and other features that people construct while inhabiting an area

Answer 34

Settlement forms

Question 35

A relatively dense settlement form

Answer 35

Nucleation

Question 36

A type of settlement form in which people live relatively distant from each other

Answer 36

Dispersed

Question 37

A term that refers to the spatial patterns of different land uses

Answer 37

Land-division patterns