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Immunology Test 1 > Test 1 (Chap 1-4) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Chap 1-4) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is NOT a innate immune defence
- Skin
- Mucose membranes
- T cells
- Natural killer cells

A

T cells

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2
Q

What is NOT an internal innate immune defence
- Phagocytes
- Fever
- Antimicrobial proteins
- Mucose membranes

A
  • Mucose Membranes
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3
Q

What IS an adaptive immune defence
- B cells
- Phagocytes
- NK cells
- Skin

A
  • B cells
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4
Q

What is an example of a living organism
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Prions

A
  • Bacteria
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5
Q

What is a characteristic of a bacterial cell
- Membrane bound nucleus and well defined membrane bound organelles
- Protein capsid surrounding RNA or DNA core
- Phospholipid envelope covering the capsid
- Single cellular molecule of DNA and free floating small ribosomes within their cytoplasm. Plasma surrounded by a rigid cell wall

A
  • Single cellular molecule of DNA and free floating small ribosomes within their cytoplasm. Plasma surrounded by a rigid cell wall
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6
Q

A prion is a mis-folded brain protein and can become self-propagating True or False

A

True

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7
Q

Prions can resist cooking, freezing and drying True or False

A

True

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8
Q

Virulence refers to
- How a pathogen can enter the body
- How easily a pathogen can be passed from person to person
- The extent of damage caused by the infection

A
  • The extent of damage caused by the infection
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9
Q

Lymph fluid contains
- White blood cells
- Proteins
- Fats
- Bacteria and viruses
- All of the above

A
  • All of the above
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10
Q

What is the largest lymphatic organ
- The liver
- The spleen
- Lymph nodes
- Lymph fluid
- Tonsils

A
  • The spleen
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11
Q

What is the function of the white pulp of the spleen
- Removes old and damaged red blood cells
- Temporary storage of blood
- Contains lymphocytes searching for pathogens

A
  • Contains lymphocytes searching for pathogens
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12
Q

Where do T lymphocytes mature
- Thymus
- Thyroid
- Spleen
- Liver

A

-Thymus

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13
Q

Competitive exclusion is when harmful bacteria deprive healthy bacteria of nutrients and attachment sites TRUE or FALSE

A
  • False
    *Healthy bacteria deprive harmful bacteria
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14
Q

The complement system is a group of proteins that assist other defence mechanisms; enhances inflammation and phagocytosis; kills pathogens TRUE or FALSE

A

-True

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15
Q

What cells are considered phagocytes (3)
- Neutrophils
- Plasma cells
- Macrophages
- Basophils
- Eosinophils

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Macrophages
  • Eosinophils
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16
Q

What is NOT a characteristic of the inflammatory response
- Redness
- Warmth
- Cold and clammy skin
- Swelling
- Pain

A
  • Cold and clammy skin
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17
Q

Natural killer cells release perforin and granzyme that lead to the destruction of tumor cells and virus- infected cells TRUE or FALSE

A

-True

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18
Q

When activated by invading microorganisms, the activated complement proteins defend by all EXCEPT
- Marking invading microorganisms for destruction by phagocytes
- Enhancing inflammation, which attracts phagocytes
- Digests the microorganism and displays antigens on the surface of the protein
- Directly lysing invading microorganisms

A
  • Digests the microorganism and displays antigens on the surface of the protein
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19
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cells produce two lineages of cells called the Lymphocyte progenitor and the macrophage cell progenitor TRUE or FALSE

A
  • False
    *Myeloid cell progenitor
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20
Q

Myeloid cell progenitors include all EXCEPT
- Natural Killer
- Eosinophil
- Neutrophil
- Monocyte
- Mast cell
- Basophil

A
  • Natural Killer
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21
Q

Lymphocyte progenitor cells include all EXCEPT
- Natural Killer
- Cytotoxic T cell
- Helper T cell
- Plasma B cell
- Dendritic Cell
- T cell progenitor
- B cell progenitor

A
  • Dendritic Cell
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22
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cells live in the
- Liver
- Thymus
- Bone Marrow
- Spleen

A
  • Bone Marrow
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23
Q

Viral-infected cells secrete a protein called interferon that diffuses to nearby cells and triggers them to produce anti-viral proteins TRUE or FALSE

A
  • True
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24
Q

When a macrophage detects bacteria or viruses they release pyrogens. Pyrogens cause
- The brain to increase the bodies temperature
- The liver to retain iron
- The urinary system to increase output
- The stomach to reduce ph

A
  • The brain to increase the bodies temperature
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25
Which statement about Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins is INCORRECT - Self-antigens that are on human cell surfaces, enabling recognition of "self" vs "nonself" - Unique to "you" but would appear foreign to someone else's immune system - Allows self cells to attack non self cells by the use of interferon
- Allows self cells to attack non self cells by the use of interferon
26
All apply to T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity EXCEPT - Directly attack foreign cells or infected "self cells - Coordinate the immune response (B cells, T cells, Macrophages) - Active against parasites, viruses, fungi, intracellular bacteria, cancer cells - Create antibodies which are proteins that bind with and neutralize specific antigens
- Create antibodies which are proteins that bind with and neutralize specific antigens *Characteristic of B lymphocytes in antibody-mediated immunity
27
Helper T cells promote B cell activation via cytokines TRUE or FALSE
True
28
B cells begin dividing and differentiating into (2) - Memory Cells - Plasma Cells - Natural Killer Cells - Cytotoxic T cells
- Memory Cells - Plasma Cells
29
The roles of antibodies include all EXCEPT - Causes agglutination (clumping of antigens) - "Tag" the antigen and promote its recognition and removal - Activate complement system - Neutralizes viruses, bacteria and toxins by blocking their ability to bond to host cells - Transports antigens to the lymph where it is removed via the lymphatic system
- Transports antigens to the lymph where it is removed via the lymphatic system
30
There are 6 types of antibodies TRUE or FALSE
- False * 5 types
31
Which antibodies are most prevalent in the blood -IgM -IgG -IgA -IgD -IgE
-IgG
32
Antibodies consist of 3 linked polypeptide chains TRUE or FALSE
FALSE *4
33
There are two types of T cells with surface markers CD4 and CD8 TRUE or FALSE
-True
34
A cytotoxic T cell has which surface marker -CD4 -CD8
-CD8
35
Helper T cells have which surface marker -CD8 -CD4
-CD4
36
T cells must be presented with antigens by antigen presenting cells (ACP) these include (3) - Macrophages - B cells (memory and plasma) - Dendritic cells - Hematopoietic stem cells - Basophils
- Macrophages - B cells (memory and plasma) - Dendritic cells
37
What is a characteristic of the secondary immune response - Occurs on the first exposure to an antigen - lag time of 3-6 dayss - Antibody production peaks at 10-12 days - minimal lag time
- minimal lag time
38
Passive immunization by administration of antibodies provides the recipient with immune memory TRUE or FALSE
- False * No memory because their immune system wasn't triggered to create antibodies and therefore memory cells
39
Passive immunity can happen naturally TRUE or FALSE
- True * Across the placenta or through breast milk
40
What is a characteristic of the adaptive immune system response - Rapid response - Fixed - Constant during the course of response - Numerous highly selective specificities
- Numerous highly selective specificities
41
A hematopoietic stem cell is - Pluripotent - multipotent - Restricted progenitor
- Pluripotent
42
Which cell release perforin - Cytotoxic T cell - Natural killer cells - Mast cells - Basophils
- Cytotoxic T cell
43
A plasma B cell does all EXCEPT - Remembers infection and can remobilize upon the next infection - Produce antibodies either on the cell membrane or free floating - Secretes perforin
- Secretes perforin
44
Which cells release histamine (2) - Mast Cells - Memory T cells - Basophils Cells - Dendritic Cells
-Mast Cell - Basophils
45
Tissue Resident Macrophages are generated in the - Spleen - Fetal Yolk - Bone Marrow - Thymus
- Fetal Yolk
46
Which cell is not a granulocyte - Neutrophil - Eosinophil - Basophil - Dendritic
- Dendritic Cell
47
Where do dendritic cells bridge the innate immune system with the adaptive immune system - Lymph and Spleen - Bone Marrow and Lymph - Brain and Bone Marrow - Liver and Spleen
- Lymph and spleen
48
Which cells are NOT polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) - Basophil - Erythrocytes - Neutrophils - Eosinophils
- Erythrocytes
49
Megakaryocytes reside in the bone marrow and release platelets TRUE or FALSE
True
50
A plasma cell can continue to differentiate TRUE or FALSE
False * Plasma cells are terminally differentiated forms of B cells that synthesize and secrete antibodies
51
Which of the below is INCORRECT regarding the monocyte - The largest of the leukocytes - can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells - influences adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair function - is derived from a megakaryocyte erythroid precursor cell
- is derived from a megakaryocyte erythroid precursor cell
52
Neutrophils go to infected tissue and kill bacteria. Neutrophils die and are degraded by macrophages TRUE or FALSE
True
53
ILC2 is involved in type 1 innate immunity TRUE or FALSE
False *ILC2 is involved in type two immunity
54
NK cells and ILC1 are involved in type 1 innate immunity TRUE or FALSE
True
55
ILC3 is involved in type 3 innate immunity TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
56
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity, intracellular infections, viruses and some bacteria -NK cells in type 1 immunity -ILC1 in type 1 immunity -ILC2 in type 2 immunity -ILC3 in type 3 immunity
- NK cells in type 1 immunity
57
Inflammatory, macrophage activation, extracellular infections, bacteria -NK cells in type 1 immunity -ILC1 in type 1 immunity -ILC2 in type 2 immunity -ILC3 in type 3 immunity
ILC1 in type 1 immunity
58
Non-inflammatory, macrophage activation, Intestinal parasite, infection -NK cells in type 1 immunity -ILC1 in type 1 immunity -ILC2 in type 2 immunity -ILC3 in type 3 immunity
-ILC2 in type 2 immunity
59
Promotion of phagocytosis and secretion of antimicrobial peptides -NK cells in type 1 immunity -ILC1 in type 1 immunity -ILC2 in type 2 immunity -ILC3 in type 3 immunity
-ILC3 in type 3 immunity
60
MHC class 1 presents peptides on nucleated cells to the antigen receptors of -CD4+ T cells -CD3+ T cells -CD8+ T cell
-CD8+ T cell
61
MHC class 2 presents peptides to the antigen receptors of -CD8+ T cells -CD9+ T cells -CD4+ T cells
- CD4+ T cells
62
Blood is a form of lymphatic tissue TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
63
Where do B cells complete their maturation -Spleen -Bone Marrow -Blood -Lymph node
- Bone Marrow
64
Adaptive immunity is initiated in the thymus, a primary lymph tissue TRUE or FALSE
FALSE * Adaptive immunity is initiated in secondary lymphoid tissue
65
Within a lymph node B cells are located in which part - Outter Cortex - Inner Cortex -Medulla -Hypothalamus -Afferent lymphatic vessel
- Outter Cortex
66
T cells are located in which part of a lymph node - Inner Cortex -Medulla -Hypothalamus -Outer cortex -marginal sinus
- Inner Cortex
67
Plasma cells move into the medulla of the lymph node where they secrete pathogen-specific antibodies. How are these antibodies excreted from the lymph node - Inner cortex and blood - Efferent lymph vessel and blood - Medullary sinus - Germinal centre - Afferent lymphatic vessel and blood
- Efferent lymph vessel and blood
68
The complement system of plasma proteins that mark pathogens for destruction is made in the spleen TRUE or FALSE
FALSE *Liver
69
C3a - Tags bacterium for destruction - Recruits phagocytes
- Recrutes phagocytes
70
Which of the three pathways of the complement system is activated first - Lectin pathway - Alternative pathway - Classical pathway
- Alternative pathway
71
C3 is _____ to become C3a and C3b - Cut - Duplicated - Cleaved
- Cleaved
72
The three types of cell death are: Apoptosis, Necrosis, Netosis TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
73
Macrophages have pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) that recognize pathogen structural features. These are referred to as -PAMP -PAAMP -POW -DAMP -PAM
-PAMP Pathogen associated molecular pattern
74
DAMP stands for -Damage associated molecular pattern -Domain associated molecular pattern -Donor associated molecular pattern
- Damage associated molecular pattern
75
Gram-negative bacteria will stain purple TRUE or FALSE
-False Pink
76
On recognizing LPS, TLR4 activates the transcription factor NFkB, which instructs the macrophage to produce inflammatory cytokines TRUE or FALSE
True
77
Group 1 TLR4 recognize all EXCEPT - Carbohydrates - Lipid and protein ligands on pathogens -DNA/RNA of pathogens
-DNA/RNA of pathogens
77
Which TLR group is membrane bound on the cell surface - Group 1 TLR4 - Group 2 TLR3,7,9
- Group 1 TLR4
77
Type 1 interferons do all EXCEPT - Disrupt viral replication - Instruct adjacent cells to prepare for infection - Signals effector immune cells ( NK cells ) - Instruct adjacent cells to migrate away from the infected cell
- Instruct adjacent cells to migrate away from the infected cell
78
Cell Adhesion Molecules(CAMS) are key regulators of many aspects of organ development and homeostasis TRUE or FALSE
TRUE

Immunology Test 1 (1 decks)

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