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Immunology Test 1 > Test 1 (Chap 1-4) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Chap 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is NOT a innate immune defence
- Skin
- Mucose membranes
- T cells
- Natural killer cells

A

T cells

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2
Q

What is NOT an internal innate immune defence
- Phagocytes
- Fever
- Antimicrobial proteins
- Mucose membranes

A
  • Mucose Membranes
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3
Q

What IS an adaptive immune defence
- B cells
- Phagocytes
- NK cells
- Skin

A
  • B cells
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4
Q

What is an example of a living organism
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Prions

A
  • Bacteria
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5
Q

What is a characteristic of a bacterial cell
- Membrane bound nucleus and well defined membrane bound organelles
- Protein capsid surrounding RNA or DNA core
- Phospholipid envelope covering the capsid
- Single cellular molecule of DNA and free floating small ribosomes within their cytoplasm. Plasma surrounded by a rigid cell wall

A
  • Single cellular molecule of DNA and free floating small ribosomes within their cytoplasm. Plasma surrounded by a rigid cell wall
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6
Q

A prion is a mis-folded brain protein and can become self-propagating True or False

A

True

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7
Q

Prions can resist cooking, freezing and drying True or False

A

True

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8
Q

Virulence refers to
- How a pathogen can enter the body
- How easily a pathogen can be passed from person to person
- The extent of damage caused by the infection

A
  • The extent of damage caused by the infection
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9
Q

Lymph fluid contains
- White blood cells
- Proteins
- Fats
- Bacteria and viruses
- All of the above

A
  • All of the above
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10
Q

What is the largest lymphatic organ
- The liver
- The spleen
- Lymph nodes
- Lymph fluid
- Tonsils

A
  • The spleen
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11
Q

What is the function of the white pulp of the spleen
- Removes old and damaged red blood cells
- Temporary storage of blood
- Contains lymphocytes searching for pathogens

A
  • Contains lymphocytes searching for pathogens
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12
Q

Where do T lymphocytes mature
- Thymus
- Thyroid
- Spleen
- Liver

A

-Thymus

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13
Q

Competitive exclusion is when harmful bacteria deprive healthy bacteria of nutrients and attachment sites TRUE or FALSE

A
  • False
    *Healthy bacteria deprive harmful bacteria
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14
Q

The complement system is a group of proteins that assist other defence mechanisms; enhances inflammation and phagocytosis; kills pathogens TRUE or FALSE

A

-True

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15
Q

What cells are considered phagocytes (3)
- Neutrophils
- Plasma cells
- Macrophages
- Basophils
- Eosinophils

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Macrophages
  • Eosinophils
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16
Q

What is NOT a characteristic of the inflammatory response
- Redness
- Warmth
- Cold and clammy skin
- Swelling
- Pain

A
  • Cold and clammy skin
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17
Q

Natural killer cells release perforin and granzyme that lead to the destruction of tumor cells and virus- infected cells TRUE or FALSE

A

-True

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18
Q

When activated by invading microorganisms, the activated complement proteins defend by all EXCEPT
- Marking invading microorganisms for destruction by phagocytes
- Enhancing inflammation, which attracts phagocytes
- Digests the microorganism and displays antigens on the surface of the protein
- Directly lysing invading microorganisms

A
  • Digests the microorganism and displays antigens on the surface of the protein
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19
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cells produce two lineages of cells called the Lymphocyte progenitor and the macrophage cell progenitor TRUE or FALSE

A
  • False
    *Myeloid cell progenitor
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20
Q

Myeloid cell progenitors include all EXCEPT
- Natural Killer
- Eosinophil
- Neutrophil
- Monocyte
- Mast cell
- Basophil

A
  • Natural Killer
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21
Q

Lymphocyte progenitor cells include all EXCEPT
- Natural Killer
- Cytotoxic T cell
- Helper T cell
- Plasma B cell
- Dendritic Cell
- T cell progenitor
- B cell progenitor

A
  • Dendritic Cell
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22
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cells live in the
- Liver
- Thymus
- Bone Marrow
- Spleen

A
  • Bone Marrow
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23
Q

Viral-infected cells secrete a protein called interferon that diffuses to nearby cells and triggers them to produce anti-viral proteins TRUE or FALSE

A
  • True
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24
Q

When a macrophage detects bacteria or viruses they release pyrogens. Pyrogens cause
- The brain to increase the bodies temperature
- The liver to retain iron
- The urinary system to increase output
- The stomach to reduce ph

A
  • The brain to increase the bodies temperature
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25
Q

Which statement about Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins is INCORRECT
- Self-antigens that are on human cell surfaces, enabling recognition of “self” vs “nonself”
- Unique to “you” but would appear foreign to someone else’s immune system
- Allows self cells to attack non self cells by the use of interferon

A
  • Allows self cells to attack non self cells by the use of interferon
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26
Q

All apply to T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity EXCEPT
- Directly attack foreign cells or infected “self cells
- Coordinate the immune response (B cells, T cells, Macrophages)
- Active against parasites, viruses, fungi, intracellular bacteria, cancer cells
- Create antibodies which are proteins that bind with and neutralize specific antigens

A
  • Create antibodies which are proteins that bind with and neutralize specific antigens
    *Characteristic of B lymphocytes in antibody-mediated immunity
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27
Q

Helper T cells promote B cell activation via cytokines TRUE or FALSE

A

True

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28
Q

B cells begin dividing and differentiating into (2)
- Memory Cells
- Plasma Cells
- Natural Killer Cells
- Cytotoxic T cells

A
  • Memory Cells
  • Plasma Cells
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29
Q

The roles of antibodies include all EXCEPT
- Causes agglutination (clumping of antigens)
- “Tag” the antigen and promote its recognition and removal
- Activate complement system
- Neutralizes viruses, bacteria and toxins by blocking their ability to bond to host cells
- Transports antigens to the lymph where it is removed via the lymphatic system

A
  • Transports antigens to the lymph where it is removed via the lymphatic system
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30
Q

There are 6 types of antibodies TRUE or FALSE

A
  • False
  • 5 types
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31
Q

Which antibodies are most prevalent in the blood
-IgM
-IgG
-IgA
-IgD
-IgE

A

-IgG

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32
Q

Antibodies consist of 3 linked polypeptide chains TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE *4

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33
Q

There are two types of T cells with surface markers CD4 and CD8 TRUE or FALSE

A

-True

34
Q

A cytotoxic T cell has which surface marker
-CD4
-CD8

A

-CD8

35
Q

Helper T cells have which surface marker
-CD8
-CD4

A

-CD4

36
Q

T cells must be presented with antigens by antigen presenting cells (ACP) these include (3)
- Macrophages
- B cells (memory and plasma)
- Dendritic cells
- Hematopoietic stem cells
- Basophils

A
  • Macrophages
  • B cells (memory and plasma)
  • Dendritic cells
37
Q

What is a characteristic of the secondary immune response
- Occurs on the first exposure to an antigen
- lag time of 3-6 dayss
- Antibody production peaks at 10-12 days
- minimal lag time

A
  • minimal lag time
38
Q

Passive immunization by administration of antibodies provides the recipient with immune memory TRUE or FALSE

A
  • False
  • No memory because their immune system wasn’t triggered to create antibodies and therefore memory cells
39
Q

Passive immunity can happen naturally TRUE or FALSE

A
  • True
  • Across the placenta or through breast milk
40
Q

What is a characteristic of the adaptive immune system response
- Rapid response
- Fixed
- Constant during the course of response
- Numerous highly selective specificities

A
  • Numerous highly selective specificities
41
Q

A hematopoietic stem cell is
- Pluripotent
- multipotent
- Restricted progenitor

A
  • Pluripotent
42
Q

Which cell release perforin
- Cytotoxic T cell
- Natural killer cells
- Mast cells
- Basophils

A
  • Cytotoxic T cell
43
Q

A plasma B cell does all EXCEPT
- Remembers infection and can remobilize upon the next infection
- Produce antibodies either on the cell membrane or free floating
- Secretes perforin

A
  • Secretes perforin
44
Q

Which cells release histamine (2)
- Mast Cells
- Memory T cells
- Basophils Cells
- Dendritic Cells

A

-Mast Cell
- Basophils

45
Q

Tissue Resident Macrophages are generated in the
- Spleen
- Fetal Yolk
- Bone Marrow
- Thymus

A
  • Fetal Yolk
46
Q

Which cell is not a granulocyte
- Neutrophil
- Eosinophil
- Basophil
- Dendritic

A
  • Dendritic Cell
47
Q

Where do dendritic cells bridge the innate immune system with the adaptive immune system
- Lymph and Spleen
- Bone Marrow and Lymph
- Brain and Bone Marrow
- Liver and Spleen

A
  • Lymph and spleen
48
Q

Which cells are NOT polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)
- Basophil
- Erythrocytes
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils

A
  • Erythrocytes
49
Q

Megakaryocytes reside in the bone marrow and release platelets TRUE or FALSE

A

True

50
Q

A plasma cell can continue to differentiate TRUE or FALSE

A

False
* Plasma cells are terminally differentiated forms of B cells that synthesize and secrete antibodies

51
Q

Which of the below is INCORRECT regarding the monocyte
- The largest of the leukocytes
- can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells
- influences adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair function
- is derived from a megakaryocyte erythroid precursor cell

A
  • is derived from a megakaryocyte erythroid precursor cell
52
Q

Neutrophils go to infected tissue and kill bacteria. Neutrophils die and are degraded by macrophages TRUE or FALSE

A

True

53
Q

ILC2 is involved in type 1 innate immunity TRUE or FALSE

A

False
*ILC2 is involved in type two immunity

54
Q

NK cells and ILC1 are involved in type 1 innate immunity TRUE or FALSE

A

True

55
Q

ILC3 is involved in type 3 innate immunity TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

56
Q

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity, intracellular infections, viruses and some bacteria
-NK cells in type 1 immunity
-ILC1 in type 1 immunity
-ILC2 in type 2 immunity
-ILC3 in type 3 immunity

A
  • NK cells in type 1 immunity
57
Q

Inflammatory, macrophage activation, extracellular infections, bacteria
-NK cells in type 1 immunity
-ILC1 in type 1 immunity
-ILC2 in type 2 immunity
-ILC3 in type 3 immunity

A

ILC1 in type 1 immunity

58
Q

Non-inflammatory, macrophage activation, Intestinal parasite, infection
-NK cells in type 1 immunity
-ILC1 in type 1 immunity
-ILC2 in type 2 immunity
-ILC3 in type 3 immunity

A

-ILC2 in type 2 immunity

59
Q

Promotion of phagocytosis and secretion of antimicrobial peptides
-NK cells in type 1 immunity
-ILC1 in type 1 immunity
-ILC2 in type 2 immunity
-ILC3 in type 3 immunity

A

-ILC3 in type 3 immunity

60
Q

MHC class 1 presents peptides on nucleated cells to the antigen receptors of
-CD4+ T cells
-CD3+ T cells
-CD8+ T cell

A

-CD8+ T cell

61
Q

MHC class 2 presents peptides to the antigen receptors of
-CD8+ T cells
-CD9+ T cells
-CD4+ T cells

A
  • CD4+ T cells
62
Q

Blood is a form of lymphatic tissue TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

63
Q

Where do B cells complete their maturation
-Spleen
-Bone Marrow
-Blood
-Lymph node

A
  • Bone Marrow
64
Q

Adaptive immunity is initiated in the thymus, a primary lymph tissue TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE
* Adaptive immunity is initiated in secondary lymphoid tissue

65
Q

Within a lymph node B cells are located in which part
- Outter Cortex
- Inner Cortex
-Medulla
-Hypothalamus
-Afferent lymphatic vessel

A
  • Outter Cortex
66
Q

T cells are located in which part of a lymph node
- Inner Cortex
-Medulla
-Hypothalamus
-Outer cortex
-marginal sinus

A
  • Inner Cortex
67
Q

Plasma cells move into the medulla of the lymph node where they secrete pathogen-specific antibodies. How are these antibodies excreted from the lymph node
- Inner cortex and blood
- Efferent lymph vessel and blood
- Medullary sinus
- Germinal centre
- Afferent lymphatic vessel and blood

A
  • Efferent lymph vessel and blood
68
Q

The complement system of plasma proteins that mark pathogens for destruction is made in the spleen TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE
*Liver

69
Q

C3a
- Tags bacterium for destruction
- Recruits phagocytes

A
  • Recrutes phagocytes
70
Q

Which of the three pathways of the complement system is activated first
- Lectin pathway
- Alternative pathway
- Classical pathway

A
  • Alternative pathway
71
Q

C3 is _____ to become C3a and C3b
- Cut
- Duplicated
- Cleaved

A
  • Cleaved
72
Q

The three types of cell death are: Apoptosis, Necrosis, Netosis TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

73
Q

Macrophages have pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) that recognize pathogen structural features. These are referred to as
-PAMP
-PAAMP
-POW
-DAMP
-PAM

A

-PAMP
Pathogen associated molecular pattern

74
Q

DAMP stands for
-Damage associated molecular pattern
-Domain associated molecular pattern
-Donor associated molecular pattern

A
  • Damage associated molecular pattern
75
Q

Gram-negative bacteria will stain purple TRUE or FALSE

A

-False
Pink

76
Q

On recognizing LPS, TLR4 activates the transcription factor NFkB, which instructs the macrophage to produce inflammatory cytokines TRUE or FALSE

A

True

77
Q

Group 1 TLR4 recognize all EXCEPT
- Carbohydrates
- Lipid and protein ligands on pathogens
-DNA/RNA of pathogens

A

-DNA/RNA of pathogens

77
Q

Which TLR group is membrane bound on the cell surface
- Group 1 TLR4
- Group 2 TLR3,7,9

A
  • Group 1 TLR4
77
Q

Type 1 interferons do all EXCEPT
- Disrupt viral replication
- Instruct adjacent cells to prepare for infection
- Signals effector immune cells ( NK cells )
- Instruct adjacent cells to migrate away from the infected cell

A
  • Instruct adjacent cells to migrate away from the infected cell
78
Q

Cell Adhesion Molecules(CAMS) are key regulators of many aspects of organ development and homeostasis TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

Immunology Test 1 (1 decks)

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