Test 1 - Ch 2 Book

Question 1

The comprehensive and systematic collection of federal laws currently in effect

Answer 1

U.S. Code

Question 2

Collection of laws enacted during a particular legislative session

Answer 2

Session Laws

Question 3

Rules developed by courts to determine the meaning of legislative acts

Answer 3

rules of statutory interpretation

Question 4

The judicial doctrine holding that if the meaning of a text is plain, a court may not interpret it but must simply apply it as written

Answer 4

plain meaning rule

Question 5

rules governing the judicial interpretation of constitutions, statutes, and other written instruments

Answer 5

canons of construction

Question 6

the purpose the legislature sought to achieve in enacting a particular provision of law

Answer 6

legislative intent

Question 7

doctrine of constitutional law holding unconstitutional (as a violation of due process) legislation that fails to clearly inform the person of what is required or proscribed

Answer 7

void for vagueness

Question 8

an exclusion that can reasonably be inferred or assumed based on the purpose and intent of an ordinance, statute, or contract

Answer 8

implied exception

Question 9

law enforcement officers sworn to uphold the constitution and laws of the united states and of their own states

Answer 9

sworn officers

Question 10

the police officer’s function of keeping the peace, as distinct from enforcement of the law

Answer 10

order maintenance

Question 11

style of police work that stressed development of close ties between police officers and the communities they serve

Answer 11

community policing

Question 12

A public official empowered to initiate criminal charges and conduct prosecutions

Answer 12

prosecutor

Question 13

a special prosecutor appointed to investigate and, if warranted, prosecute official misconduct

Answer 13

independent counsel

Question 14

a formal entry by a prosecutor who declines to proceed further in the prosecution of an offense

Answer 14

nolle prosequi; or nol pros

Question 15

persons accused of crimes who cannot afford to retain private legal counsel and are therefore entitled to be represented by a public defender or a court appointed lawyer

Answer 15

indigent defendants

Question 16

a trial jury usually composed of either size or twelve persons

Answer 16

petit (trial) jury

Question 17

an indictment handed down by a grand jury in a criminal case

Answer 17

true bill

Question 18

decision of a grand jury not to return an indictment

Answer 18

no bill

Question 19

a formal document handed down by a grand jury accusing one or more persons of the commission of a crime or crimes

Answer 19

indictment

Question 20

courts that conduct trials in felony and major misdemeanor cases, Also refers to courts that have jurisdiction to hear civil as well as criminal cases.

Answer 20

courts of general jurisdiction

Question 21

courts that handle pretrial atter and conduct trials in minor misdemeanor cases.

Answer 21

courts of limited jurisdiction

Question 22

the highest appellate court of a state

Answer 22

state supreme court

Question 23

judicial tribunals having jurisdiction over minors defined as juveniles who are alleged to status offenders or to have committed acts of delinquency

Answer 23

juvenile courts

Question 24

noncriminal conduct on the part of juveniles that may subject them to the authority of a juvenile court

Answer 24

status offenses

Question 25

“the parent of the country” Refers to the role of the states as the guardian of minors, mentally ill individuals, and other legally disabled persons.

Answer 25

parens patriae

Question 26

the system of prisons, jails, and other penal and correctional institutions

Answer 26

corrections system