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Personal and Community Health > Test 1 (Ch. 1-7) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Ch. 1-7) Flashcards

1
Q

glucose

A

the only dietary fuel used by the brain

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2
Q

when are ketones created?

A

when the body is starved of glucose

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3
Q

ketones

A

created from burning body fat

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4
Q

ketosis

A

the process of burning body fat to produce ketones

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5
Q

how can ketones be harmful?

A

can harm kidney function, toxic in excess

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6
Q

intermittent fasting

A

fat is burned for energy, body enters ketosis

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7
Q

insulin resistance

A

when too much glucose is in blood, cells shut down insulin receptors and insulin turns glucose into fat

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8
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions

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9
Q

anabolic

A

to build

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10
Q

catabolic

A

to break down

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11
Q

basal metabolism

A

the energy needed to maintain the body at rest

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12
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

how much energy is need to keep the body at rest

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13
Q

what happen when the body is calorically deficient?

A

the body starts to burn muscle for energy

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14
Q

proteins break down into…

A

amino acids

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15
Q

lipids break down into…

A

fatty acids

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16
Q

carbs are…

A

a non-essential nutrients

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17
Q

sugar alcohols

A

a by-product of breaking down glucose

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18
Q

should sugar alcohols be avoided?

A

yes

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19
Q

simple carbs

A

break down quickly, give burst of energy

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20
Q

complex carbs

A

take longer to break down, gives sustained released of energy

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21
Q

net carbs

A

total carbs - dietary fiber

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22
Q

monosaccharides

A

1 sugar → glucose, fructose, galactose

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23
Q

disaccharides

A

2 sugars → maltose, sucrose, lactose

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24
Q

maltose

A

glucose + glucose

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25
Q

sucrose

A

glucose + fructose

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26
Q

lactose

A

galactose + glucose

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27
Q

-ase enzyme breaks down…

A

-ose sugar

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28
Q

essential nutrients

A

proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals

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29
Q

how many calories do carbs give?

A

4 calories/gram

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30
Q

how many calories do proteins give?

A

4 calories/gram

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31
Q

how many calories do lipids give?

A

9 calories/gram

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32
Q

lactose intolerance

A

a lack of enzymes needed to break down lactose

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33
Q

phytoestrogen and xenoestrogens

A

function like estrogen in the body

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34
Q

sodium nitrates

A

are carcinogenic

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35
Q

bha and bht

A

are carcinogenic

36
Q

fda

A

attempts to ensure that food is free of disease and bacteria

37
Q

usda

A

looks at how food is grown, makes sure farmers adhere to the specificity of growing standards

38
Q

body mass index

A

determines if you are underweight, overweight, or a healthy weight based on height and weight

39
Q

what is one flaw of bmi?

A

doesn’t take into account other body masses

40
Q

gluten

A

a protein that usually causes a micro-inflammatory response in the body

41
Q

celiac disease

A

an over-sensitization to gluten leading to a complete intolerance to gluten

42
Q

fat burners

A

consumables meant to burn fat

43
Q

appestat mechanism

A

how do i turn hunger on and off

44
Q

leptin

A

decreases hunger

45
Q

ghrelin

A

increases hunger

46
Q

gastric distention

A

sends signal to the brain saying, “i’m full”

47
Q

anorexia

A

caloric intake is lowered to the bare minimum, if any at all

48
Q

bulimia

A

individual eats food and then purges it very soon after

49
Q

what is one side effect of bulimia

A

cancer from stomach acid burning the esophagus

50
Q

binge eating

A

eating a large amount of food in one sitting and then not eating for several days

51
Q

anabolic steroids can cause

A

mood swings, liver damage, cancer, etc.

52
Q

is histidine essential or non-essential?

A

essential

53
Q

is isoleucine essential or non-essential?

A

essential

54
Q

is leucine essential or non-essential?

A

essential

55
Q

is lysine essential or non-essential?

A

essential

56
Q

is methionine essential or non essential?

A

essential

57
Q

is phenylalanine essential or non essential?

A

essential

58
Q

is threonine essential or non essential?

A

essential

59
Q

is tryptophan essential or non essential?

A

essential

60
Q

is valine essential or non essential?

A

essential

61
Q

calcium

A

major mineral

62
Q

phosphorus

A

major mineral

63
Q

potassium

A

major mineral

64
Q

sulfur

A

major mineral

65
Q

sodium

A

major mineral

66
Q

chlorine

A

major mineral

67
Q

magnesium

A

major mineral

68
Q

iron

A

trace mineral

69
Q

manganese

A

trace mineral

70
Q

copper

A

trace mineral

71
Q

iodine

A

trace mineral

72
Q

cobalt

A

trace mineral

73
Q

zinc

A

trace mineral

74
Q

fluorine

A

trace mineral

75
Q

selenium

A

trace mineral

76
Q

chromium

A

trace mineral

77
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

b and c

78
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

a, d, e, and k

79
Q

b1

A

thiamine

80
Q

b2

A

riboflavin

81
Q

b3

A

niacin

82
Q

b5

A

pantothenic acid

83
Q

b6

A

pyroxine

84
Q

b7

A

biotin

85
Q

b9

A

folic acid

86
Q

b12

A

cyanocobalamin

Personal and Community Health (1 decks)

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