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MIS > Test #1 Ch 1-3 > Flashcards

Test #1 Ch 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Businesses invest in IT to achieve what 6 important business objectives?

A
  1. Operational Excellence
  2. New products, services, or business models
  3. Customer and supplier intimacy
  4. Improved Decision Making
  5. Competitive Advantage
  6. Survival
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2
Q

What is information technology?

A

the hardware and software a business uses to achieve its objectives

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3
Q

What is information system?

A

interrelated components that manage information to:

  1. support decision making and control
  2. help with analysis, visualization, and product creation
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4
Q

What is data?

A

steams of raw facts

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5
Q

What is information?

A

data shaped into a meaningful, useful form

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6
Q

What are the 4 activities in an information system that produce information?

A
  1. input
  2. processing
  3. output
  4. feedback
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7
Q

What is the difference between Information Literacy and Computer Literacy?

A

Information Literacy: includes a behavioral as well as a technical approach to studying information systems
Computer Literacy: focuses primarily on knowledge of information technology

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8
Q

What are the 3 dimensions of IT?

A
  1. people
  2. organization
  3. technology
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9
Q

Describe the people dimension. (3)

A
  • people are the only ones capable of bus problem solving and converting IT into useful bus solutions
  • IT plays big role in helping managers develop solutions to a broad range of probs
  • Employee attitudes about jobs, employers, or tech can have affect ability to use info systems productively
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10
Q

Describe the organization dimension. (3)

A
  1. Structure: info systems are built by firm to serve diff specialties and levels of the firm
  2. Bus processes: info systems automate many bus processes
  3. Culture: parts of an org’s culture can be found embedded in its info systems
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11
Q

Describe the technology dimension. (2)

A
  • info systems is one of many tools managers use to cope with change and complexity
  • IT infrastructure provides the foundation, or platform, on which firm can build its specific info systems
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12
Q

Draw Figure 1.3: The 3 Dimensions of Information Systems.

A
  1. People
  2. Organization
  3. Technology
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13
Q

What is the 4 step problem solving steps?

A
  1. problem identification
  2. solution design
  3. choice
  4. implementation
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14
Q

What are the types of organizational problems. (3)

A
  1. typical org probs
  2. typical tech probs
  3. typical people probs
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15
Q

Give examples of typical org probs. (6)

A
  1. outdated bus processes
  2. unsupportive culture and attitudes
  3. political conflict
  4. turbulent bus environment, change
  5. complexity of task
  6. inadequate resources
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16
Q

Give examples of typical tech probs. (6)

A
  1. insufficient or aging hardware
  2. outdated software
  3. inadequate database capacity
  4. insufficient telecommunications capacity
  5. incompatibility of old systems with new tech
  6. rapid tech change and failure to adopt new tech
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17
Q

Give examples of people probs. (8)

A
  1. lack of employee training
  2. difficulties of eval performance
  3. legal and regulatory compliance
  4. work environment
  5. lack of employee support and participation
  6. indecisive mgmt
  7. poor mgmt
  8. wrong incentives
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18
Q

What are the 4 elements of critical thinking?

A
  1. maintain doubt and suspend judgment
  2. be aware of diff perspectives (including tech, org, and people perspectives)
  3. test alt and let experience guide
  4. be aware of org and personal limitations
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19
Q

What are the 4 major functions of a bus?

A
  1. manufacturing and production
  2. sales and marketing
  3. finance and acctg
  4. hr
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20
Q

Draw Figure 2.1: The 4 Major Functions of a Business

A
  1. manufacturing and production
  2. sales and marketing
  3. finance and acctg
  4. hr
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21
Q

What are the 5 basic entities (components) of a bus?

A
  1. suppliers
  2. customers
  3. employees
  4. invoices/payments
  5. products and services
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22
Q

Draw the hierarchy of firms in which authority is concentrated on top. (pyramid)

A 
Top: Senior mgmt
Middle: middle mgmt
     -scientists and knowledge workers
Bottom: operational mgmt
     -production and service workers
     -data workers
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23
Q

What information does senior mgmt need?

A

summary info that can quickly inform them about overall performance of firm

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24
Q

What info does middle mgmt need?

A

specific info on results of specific functional areas or depts of firm

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25
Q

What info does operational mgmt need?

A

transaction-level info

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26
Q

What info do knowledge workers need?

A

access to external scientific databases or internal databases with org knowledge

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27
Q

What info do production workers need?

A

info from production machines

28
Q

What info do service workers need?

A

access to customer records

29
Q

What are 2 business environments?

A
  1. global environment

2. immediate environment

30
Q

What are the 4 global environment factors?

A
  1. tech and science
  2. economy
  3. politics
  4. international change
31
Q

What are the 5 immediate environment factors?

A
  1. customers
  2. suppliers
  3. competitors
  4. regulations
  5. stockholders
32
Q

Draw Figure 2.4: The Business Environment

A
  1. Global environment
    • tech and science
    • economy
    • politics
    • international change
  2. immediate environment
    • customers
    • suppliers
    • competitors
    • regulations
    • stockholders
33
Q

What are 6 reasons why firms invest in information systems?

A
  1. achieve operational excellence
  2. develop new products and services
  3. attain customer intimacy and service
  4. improve decision making
  5. promote competitive advantage
  6. ensure survival
34
Q

Who does TPM serve? What does it do?

A
  • operational mgmt

- tracks flow of transactions through org

35
Q

Who does MIS serve? What does it do?

A
  • middle mgmt

- provides reports on org’s current performance

36
Q

Who does DSS serve? What does it do?

A
  • “super-user” managers

- extracts useful info from massive quantities of data

37
Q

Who does ESS serve? What does it do?

A
  • senior mgmt

- analyzes trends and used for forecasting

38
Q

List 4 systems for linking the enterprise.

A
  1. enterprise system
  2. supply chain mgmt system
  3. customer relationship mgmt system
  4. knowledge mgmt system
39
Q

Why do firms use enterprise systems?

A
  • to integrate bus processes in manufacturing and production, finance and acctg, sales and mktg, and hr into a single software system
  • info previously fragmented in many diff systems is stored in a single comprehensive data repository where it can be used by many diff parts of the bus
40
Q

Why do firms use supply chain mgmt systems?

A

increases firm profitability by:

  1. lowering costs of moving and making products
  2. enabling managers to make better decisions about how to organize and schedule sourcing, production, and distribution
41
Q

Why do firms use customer relationship mgmt systems? (3)

A
  1. helps firms identify, attract, and retain the most profitable customers
  2. provide better service to existing customers
  3. increase sales
42
Q

Why do firms use knowledge mgmt systems?

A

collect relevant knowledge and experience in the firm, and make it available wherever it is needed to improve business processes and mgmt decisions

43
Q

What makes up an IT Department? (7)

A
  1. programmers
  2. systems analysts
  3. principle liaisons to rest of firm
  4. info system managers
  5. leaders of teams of programmers and analysts, project managers, physical facility managers, telecommunications managers, database specialists, managers of computer operations, and data entry staff
  6. senior managers: CIO, CPO, CSO, CKO
  7. end users
44
Q

What are the 5 competitive forces that shape the fate of a firm?

A
  1. competitors
  2. new market entrants
  3. substitute products and services
  4. customers
  5. suppliers
45
Q

Draw Porter’s Competitive Force Model.

A
  1. competitors
  2. new market entrants
  3. substitute products and services
  4. customers
  5. suppliers
46
Q

What are 4 information system strategies for dealing with competitive forces and give an example of each.

A
  1. low-cost leadership- Walmart
  2. product differentiation- Google, Apple, Nike, Ping
  3. focus on market niche- Hilton
  4. strengthen customer and supplier intimacy- Toyota, Amazon
47
Q

What is the business value chain model?

A
  • views the firm as a series or chain of basic activities that add a margin of value to a firm’s products or services
  • activities can be categorized as either primary or support activities
48
Q

What are primary activities?

A

most directly related to production and distribution of firm’s products and services, which create value for the customer

49
Q

What are support activities?

A

make the delivery of primary activities possible and consist of org infrastructure, hr, tech, and procurement

50
Q

What is benchmarking?

A

comparing efficiency and effectiveness of your business processes against industry standards, and then measuring performance against those standards

51
Q

What are best practices?

A

most successful solutions or problem-solving methods for consistently and effectively achieving a bus objective

52
Q

What are 4 ways to organize a bus internationally?

A
  1. domestic exporters
  2. multinationals
  3. franchisers
  4. transnationals
53
Q

What are the 5 steps to business process mgmt?

A
  1. identify processes for change
  2. analyze existing processes
  3. design new processes
  4. implement new process
  5. continuous measurement
54
Q

Define digital dashboard.

A

displays all of a firm’s key performance indicators as graphs and charts on a single screen to provide one-page overview of all critical measurements necessary to make key executive decisions

55
Q

Define e-Business.

A

use of internet and digital tech to execute all bus processes in the enterprise

56
Q

Define e-Commerce.

A

process of buying and selling g and s electronically involving transactions using the internet, networks and other digital technologies

57
Q

Define e-Government.

A

use of internet and related tech to digitally enable gov and public sector agencies’ relationships with citizens, bus, and other arms of gov

58
Q

Define cycle time.

A

total elapsed time from the beginning of a process to its end

59
Q

Define collaboration.

A

working with others to achieve shared and explicit goals

60
Q

Define core competency.

A

activity at which a firm excels as a world-class leader

61
Q

Define virtual company.

A

uses networks to link people, assets, and ideas, enabling it to ally with other companies to create and distribute p and s without being limited by traditional org boundaries or physical locations

62
Q

Define disruptive technology.

A

technologies with disruptive impact on industries and businesses, rendering existing products, services and bus models obsolete

63
Q

Define computer-aided design (CAD) system.

A

info systems that automates the creation and revision of designs using sophisticated graphics software

64
Q

Define TQM.

A

concept that makes quality control a responsibility to be shared by all people in an organization

65
Q

Define six sigma.

A
  • specific measure of quality, representing 3.4 defects per million opportunities
  • used to designate a set of methodologies and techniques for improving quality and reducing costs

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