Test 1, B Flashcards
Deficiency vitamin A
Night blindness/ xerophthalmia
Vitamin d deficiency
Rickets
Vitamin c deficiency
Scurvy
Deficiency vitamin k
Bleeding disorder or fetal-warfarin syndrome
Deficiency B3, niacin
Pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
Deficiency B2, riboflavin
Sore throat, anemia, neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis of the face
Deficiency B7, biotin
Dermatitis, EKG changes, muscle pain, anorexia
Deficiency B9, folate
Neural tube defects in newborns (spins bifida, anencephaly)
Deficiency B12, cyanocobalamin
Depression, memory loss, imparted cognitive function
Vit A toxicities and upper dose
Avoid doses over 7.5 mg retinol
Hepatotoxicity (polar bear liver)
Dry itchy skin, neurological symptoms, congenital abnormalities (preg. Cat. X)
Vit k toxicities
Nontoxic
BBW for anaphylaxis if IV/IM too quick, give no more than 1mg/min IV
Vit E toxicities
Avoid doses over 150 IU day
Pro oxidant at higher doses and can increase risk of hemorrhage
Vit c toxicities
Upper limit 2000mg day
GI upset, kidney stones, precipate of drugs in urine, decrease B12 and copper absorption and increase iron absorption, increase CV mortality
Niacin B3 toxicity
Flushing, priorities, hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia and gout
Pyridoxine B6 toxicity
RDA 1.5-1.7 mg/day
N/V, rosacea fulmnans, neuropathy
Folate B9 toxicity
Cognitive decline, prostate cancer,
Calcium toxicity
Constipation, obtundation, coma
Magnesium toxicity
GI upset, muscle weakness, loss of tendon reflex, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression
Iron toxicity
GI,liver, CNS, CV, coagulopathy
Zinc toxicity
Upper limit 40mg/day
N/V/D, metallic taste, increased copper deficiency, renal failure, neuropathy, increased BPH
Selenium toxicity
RDA 50-200mcg/day
Nail and hair changes, garlic odor breath,
Chromium toxicity
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, hepatic
Manganese toxicity
Neurotoxicity, Parkinsonism symptoms, encephalopathy, psychosis
Copper toxicities
GI, hepatic
Vit A dose
Upper limit retinol 10000 units or 3000mcg/day
Vit B1 thiamine dosing
RDA 1.5mg/day Neuropathy 10-30 mg/day Wet beri beri. 100mg IV Wernicke korsakoff. 50-100 mg bid for several days the 10-20 mg/day Deficiency. 100mgIV then dextrose bag
Niacin b3 deficiency
Mild def. 50-100 Pellagra 300-500 Hyperlipidemi. 500-3000 Hdl. 1200-1500 Ldl. 2-3 g
Vir B6 dose
INH. 10-50
Maximum dose 100mg
B9 folate dose
Prevention of spins bifida 400mcg/day
4mg/day if previous child with neural tube defects
B12 cyanocobalamin dose
Rda 2.4 mcg/day
Don’t give PO for pernicious anemia
Can’t be given IV, must be PO, IM, sublingual, or nasal
Calcium dose
IOM. 1000mg/day under 50yr, 1200mg/ day if over
NIH. 1000mg/day under 50 1500 if over
Divid doses into no more that 500mg
Vit D
400-800IU under 50 years old
800-1000IU over 50
Chromium dose
Safe at 200mcg/day x6 months
Vit k dose
Newborns. 1 mg IM
Calcium % elemental
Calcium carbonate. 40% Calcium citrate 21% Calcium acetate 25% Calcium chloride 27% Calcium glauconate 9%. Preferred!!!
ATBC trial finding
If antioxidants prevent lung cancer
Beta carotene- increase lung cancer and overall mortality
Vit E- decrease risk of cerebral infarction increase risk of SAH
HOPE trial
Study of Vit E on MI stroke CVD UA and CHF
No difference in most slightly higher rate of HF and hospitalization with Vit E
HIPE-TOO
Long term Vit E to decrease CVD orCA
Increase risk of HF and hospitalizations
SELECT trial
Study to see if selenium and Vit E. Can prevent CA
Higher rates of prostate cancer with E
Higher diabetes in selenium
NORVIT study
Study to see if B helps restenosis and MACE
Increase risk of restenosis and CV events
FACIT study
See if B helps stroke
Increase risk with B
Vit B and diabetes
Debatable- lower homocysteine level, increase cardiac events, decrease GFR, increase diabetic neuropathy
Conversion of mEq to g
Mg: 1g= 8 mEq
Vit A and sepsis
Higher mortality correlated with giving Vit A
Thiamine B1 in critically ill
Reduced mortality, it’s a Benefit
Vit C in surgical patients
Recommend 500mg/day for first week
Vit D in iCU
Good idea, less dun less Vit D
Antioxidants in in critically ill, trauma, infection , burns
High dose antioxidants could be beneficial but not for long periods of time
Safe and effective for hypertension
CoQ10- likely safe, possibly effective
Garlic- likely safe but no evidence of effective
Hawthorn- likely safe possibly effective
Safe and effective hyperlipidemia
Policosanol- likely safe, likely effective
Garlic- likely safe limy I effective
Red yeast rice- likely unsafe, pissinly effective (use real statin)
Guggulipid- possibly unsafe and ineffective
Hypertriglyceridemia safe and effective
Omega 3 fatty acids- likely safe and effective
Angina safe and effective
Danshen- likely safe and likely effective
Atrial fib safe and effective
Garlic- illy safe and likely effective
CHF safe effective
CoQ 10- liky safe and possibly effective
Hawthorn- likely safe and effective
CoQ10 drug interactions
Warfarin
Danshen interaction
Digoxin
Warfarin
Guggulipid interaction
Diltiazem, propranolol
Hawthorne interactions
Digoxin
Garlic interactions
Anticoagulants and anti-platelets
Omega 3 fatty acids interactions
Warfarin, antiplatelets
Red yeast rice interactions
Preg cat x
Statins
Fibrates
What should be avoided by cv disease
Ephedra
Guarna
Bitter orange
Green and black tea
Deficiency B1, thiamine
Wet beri beri, dry beri beri, wernickes syndrome, korsakoff syndrome
