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dietary supplements > Test 1, B > Flashcards

Test 1, B Flashcards

1
Q

Deficiency vitamin A

A

Night blindness/ xerophthalmia

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2
Q

Vitamin d deficiency

A

Rickets

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3
Q

Vitamin c deficiency

A

Scurvy

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4
Q

Deficiency vitamin k

A

Bleeding disorder or fetal-warfarin syndrome

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5
Q

Deficiency B3, niacin

A

Pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

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6
Q

Deficiency B2, riboflavin

A

Sore throat, anemia, neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis of the face

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7
Q

Deficiency B7, biotin

A

Dermatitis, EKG changes, muscle pain, anorexia

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8
Q

Deficiency B9, folate

A

Neural tube defects in newborns (spins bifida, anencephaly)

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9
Q

Deficiency B12, cyanocobalamin

A

Depression, memory loss, imparted cognitive function

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10
Q

Vit A toxicities and upper dose

A

Avoid doses over 7.5 mg retinol
Hepatotoxicity (polar bear liver)
Dry itchy skin, neurological symptoms, congenital abnormalities (preg. Cat. X)

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11
Q

Vit k toxicities

A

Nontoxic

BBW for anaphylaxis if IV/IM too quick, give no more than 1mg/min IV

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12
Q

Vit E toxicities

A

Avoid doses over 150 IU day

Pro oxidant at higher doses and can increase risk of hemorrhage

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13
Q

Vit c toxicities

A

Upper limit 2000mg day
GI upset, kidney stones, precipate of drugs in urine, decrease B12 and copper absorption and increase iron absorption, increase CV mortality

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14
Q

Niacin B3 toxicity

A

Flushing, priorities, hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia and gout

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15
Q

Pyridoxine B6 toxicity

A

RDA 1.5-1.7 mg/day

N/V, rosacea fulmnans, neuropathy

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16
Q

Folate B9 toxicity

A

Cognitive decline, prostate cancer,

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17
Q

Calcium toxicity

A

Constipation, obtundation, coma

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18
Q

Magnesium toxicity

A

GI upset, muscle weakness, loss of tendon reflex, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression

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19
Q

Iron toxicity

A

GI,liver, CNS, CV, coagulopathy

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20
Q

Zinc toxicity

A

Upper limit 40mg/day

N/V/D, metallic taste, increased copper deficiency, renal failure, neuropathy, increased BPH

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21
Q

Selenium toxicity

A

RDA 50-200mcg/day

Nail and hair changes, garlic odor breath,

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22
Q

Chromium toxicity

A

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, hepatic

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23
Q

Manganese toxicity

A

Neurotoxicity, Parkinsonism symptoms, encephalopathy, psychosis

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24
Q

Copper toxicities

A

GI, hepatic

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25
Q

Vit A dose

A

Upper limit retinol 10000 units or 3000mcg/day

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26
Q

Vit B1 thiamine dosing

A 
RDA 1.5mg/day
Neuropathy 10-30 mg/day
Wet beri beri. 100mg IV
Wernicke korsakoff. 50-100 mg bid for several days the 10-20 mg/day
Deficiency. 100mgIV then dextrose bag
27
Q

Niacin b3 deficiency

A 
Mild def.  50-100
Pellagra 300-500
Hyperlipidemi. 500-3000
Hdl. 1200-1500
Ldl. 2-3 g
28
Q

Vir B6 dose

A

INH. 10-50

Maximum dose 100mg

29
Q

B9 folate dose

A

Prevention of spins bifida 400mcg/day

4mg/day if previous child with neural tube defects

30
Q

B12 cyanocobalamin dose

A

Rda 2.4 mcg/day
Don’t give PO for pernicious anemia
Can’t be given IV, must be PO, IM, sublingual, or nasal

31
Q

Calcium dose

A

IOM. 1000mg/day under 50yr, 1200mg/ day if over
NIH. 1000mg/day under 50 1500 if over
Divid doses into no more that 500mg

32
Q

Vit D

A

400-800IU under 50 years old

800-1000IU over 50

33
Q

Chromium dose

A

Safe at 200mcg/day x6 months

34
Q

Vit k dose

A

Newborns. 1 mg IM

35
Q

Calcium % elemental

A 
Calcium carbonate. 40%
Calcium citrate 21%
Calcium acetate 25%
Calcium chloride 27%
Calcium glauconate 9%. Preferred!!!
36
Q

ATBC trial finding

A

If antioxidants prevent lung cancer
Beta carotene- increase lung cancer and overall mortality
Vit E- decrease risk of cerebral infarction increase risk of SAH

37
Q

HOPE trial

A

Study of Vit E on MI stroke CVD UA and CHF

No difference in most slightly higher rate of HF and hospitalization with Vit E

38
Q

HIPE-TOO

A

Long term Vit E to decrease CVD orCA

Increase risk of HF and hospitalizations

39
Q

SELECT trial

A

Study to see if selenium and Vit E. Can prevent CA

Higher rates of prostate cancer with E
Higher diabetes in selenium

40
Q

NORVIT study

A

Study to see if B helps restenosis and MACE

Increase risk of restenosis and CV events

41
Q

FACIT study

A

See if B helps stroke

Increase risk with B

42
Q

Vit B and diabetes

A

Debatable- lower homocysteine level, increase cardiac events, decrease GFR, increase diabetic neuropathy

43
Q

Conversion of mEq to g

A

Mg: 1g= 8 mEq

44
Q

Vit A and sepsis

A

Higher mortality correlated with giving Vit A

45
Q

Thiamine B1 in critically ill

A

Reduced mortality, it’s a Benefit

46
Q

Vit C in surgical patients

A

Recommend 500mg/day for first week

47
Q

Vit D in iCU

A

Good idea, less dun less Vit D

48
Q

Antioxidants in in critically ill, trauma, infection , burns

A

High dose antioxidants could be beneficial but not for long periods of time

49
Q

Safe and effective for hypertension

A

CoQ10- likely safe, possibly effective
Garlic- likely safe but no evidence of effective
Hawthorn- likely safe possibly effective

50
Q

Safe and effective hyperlipidemia

A

Policosanol- likely safe, likely effective
Garlic- likely safe limy I effective
Red yeast rice- likely unsafe, pissinly effective (use real statin)
Guggulipid- possibly unsafe and ineffective

51
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia safe and effective

A

Omega 3 fatty acids- likely safe and effective

52
Q

Angina safe and effective

A

Danshen- likely safe and likely effective

53
Q

Atrial fib safe and effective

A

Garlic- illy safe and likely effective

54
Q

CHF safe effective

A

CoQ 10- liky safe and possibly effective

Hawthorn- likely safe and effective

55
Q

CoQ10 drug interactions

A

Warfarin

56
Q

Danshen interaction

A

Digoxin

Warfarin

57
Q

Guggulipid interaction

A

Diltiazem, propranolol

58
Q

Hawthorne interactions

A

Digoxin

59
Q

Garlic interactions

A

Anticoagulants and anti-platelets

60
Q

Omega 3 fatty acids interactions

A

Warfarin, antiplatelets

61
Q

Red yeast rice interactions

A

Preg cat x
Statins
Fibrates

62
Q

What should be avoided by cv disease

A

Ephedra
Guarna
Bitter orange
Green and black tea

63
Q

Deficiency B1, thiamine

A

Wet beri beri, dry beri beri, wernickes syndrome, korsakoff syndrome

dietary supplements (2 decks)

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