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Urinalysis > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the urinary system?

A

To remove waste

To maintain fluid balance in the body

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2
Q

Define cortex

A

Outer layer of kidney

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3
Q

Define medulla

A

Inner layer of kidney

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4
Q

What is a urinalysis

A

A physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of the urine

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5
Q

What is a urinalysis done for?

A
  • To screen patients for the presence of disease
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of medication therapy
  • To diagnose a pathological condition
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6
Q

Which is bigger: Afferent Arteriole or Efferent Arteriole?

A

Afferent

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7
Q

Explain the process of urine formation

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

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8
Q

Where is blood filtered after it goes through the glomerulus?

A

Bowman’s Capsule

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9
Q

List the anatomy of the urinary system, in order of largest to smallest

A
  • Kidneys
  • Nephrons
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
  • Urinary meatus
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10
Q

How much urine can the bladder hold?

A

800 ml

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11
Q

What is the urinary meatus?

A

External opening of the uretha

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12
Q

True or false:

The urinary meatus doesn’t normally contain microorganisms

A

False - it does contain MOs

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13
Q

What are the nephrons?

A

The functional units of the kidney

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14
Q

What are nephrons also known as?

A

Mini factories

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15
Q

What is the function of nephrons?

A

They filter waste substances not needed in the body

They also reabsorb substances that the body needs

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16
Q

Define hilus/hilum

A

A depression where blood vessels and nerves go in and out in different organs

17
Q

Define renal pelvis

A

a hollow structure where the urine flows

18
Q

Define oliguria

A

a marked decrease in urine flow caused by dehydration

19
Q

Define anuria

A

complete stoppage of urine flow

20
Q

What is urethral stenosis?

A

abnormal narrowing of the urethra

21
Q

Define prepuce

A

foreskin

22
Q

Define nocturnal enuresis

A

involuntary passing of urine while asleep

23
Q

How much of urine is water?

A

95%

24
Q

What makes up the other 5% of urine?

A

Solutes

25
Q

What are the 3 rules of urine specimen handling?

A
  1. it must be collected in a clean, dry container
  2. Containers must be properly labeled with patient’s name, date and time of collection
  3. Specimen must be promptly tested within 1 hour
26
Q

What if you cannot test the urine within 1 hour?

A

Either put a preservative in the specimen or refrigerate it

27
Q

What will happen if it stays at room temperature for more than 1 hour?

A
  • It will become cloudy
  • Glucose will decrease if present
  • RBC/WBC will break down
  • Bacteria will multiply
28
Q

How do you test the urine once it has been taken out of the fridge?

A
  • Let it come to room temperature

- Mix it well

29
Q

What is MSU?

When is it done?

A
  • Mid-Stream Urine

- Done during UA

30
Q

What specimen will be used for pregnancy tests? Will it be room temperature or refrigerated?

A
  • First morning urine

- Room temperature

31
Q

What is CCMSU?

What department is it done in?

A

Clean Catch Mid-Stream Urine

Microbiology Department

32
Q

What is 24 hour urine testing for?

A

It’s used for hormones

and Quantitative tests

33
Q

What cylinder is used for 24 hr urine?

A

Graduated

34
Q

Define quantitative vs. qualitative

A
  • when given an exact number

- when given an approximate number

35
Q

How long is urine centrifuged for? At what speed?

A

5 minutes at 1500 RPM

36
Q

What do you do with a urine specimen after it has been centrifuged?

A
  • Pour off the supernatant

- Collect the sediment

37
Q

What is the pH of urine?

A

6.5 - slightly acidic

Urinalysis (1 decks)

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