Test 1 Flashcards
What are the 2 main functions of the urinary system?
To remove waste
To maintain fluid balance in the body
Define cortex
Outer layer of kidney
Define medulla
Inner layer of kidney
What is a urinalysis
A physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of the urine
What is a urinalysis done for?
- To screen patients for the presence of disease
- To evaluate the effectiveness of medication therapy
- To diagnose a pathological condition
Which is bigger: Afferent Arteriole or Efferent Arteriole?
Afferent
Explain the process of urine formation
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Where is blood filtered after it goes through the glomerulus?
Bowman’s Capsule
List the anatomy of the urinary system, in order of largest to smallest
- Kidneys
- Nephrons
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
- Urinary meatus
How much urine can the bladder hold?
800 ml
What is the urinary meatus?
External opening of the uretha
True or false:
The urinary meatus doesn’t normally contain microorganisms
False - it does contain MOs
What are the nephrons?
The functional units of the kidney
What are nephrons also known as?
Mini factories
What is the function of nephrons?
They filter waste substances not needed in the body
They also reabsorb substances that the body needs
Define hilus/hilum
A depression where blood vessels and nerves go in and out in different organs
Define renal pelvis
a hollow structure where the urine flows
Define oliguria
a marked decrease in urine flow caused by dehydration
Define anuria
complete stoppage of urine flow
What is urethral stenosis?
abnormal narrowing of the urethra
Define prepuce
foreskin
Define nocturnal enuresis
involuntary passing of urine while asleep
How much of urine is water?
95%
What makes up the other 5% of urine?
Solutes
What are the 3 rules of urine specimen handling?
- it must be collected in a clean, dry container
- Containers must be properly labeled with patient’s name, date and time of collection
- Specimen must be promptly tested within 1 hour
What if you cannot test the urine within 1 hour?
Either put a preservative in the specimen or refrigerate it
What will happen if it stays at room temperature for more than 1 hour?
- It will become cloudy
- Glucose will decrease if present
- RBC/WBC will break down
- Bacteria will multiply
How do you test the urine once it has been taken out of the fridge?
- Let it come to room temperature
- Mix it well
What is MSU?
When is it done?
- Mid-Stream Urine
- Done during UA
What specimen will be used for pregnancy tests? Will it be room temperature or refrigerated?
- First morning urine
- Room temperature
What is CCMSU?
What department is it done in?
Clean Catch Mid-Stream Urine
Microbiology Department
What is 24 hour urine testing for?
It’s used for hormones
and Quantitative tests
What cylinder is used for 24 hr urine?
Graduated
Define quantitative vs. qualitative
- when given an exact number
- when given an approximate number
How long is urine centrifuged for? At what speed?
5 minutes at 1500 RPM
What do you do with a urine specimen after it has been centrifuged?
- Pour off the supernatant
- Collect the sediment
What is the pH of urine?
6.5 - slightly acidic
