Test 1 Flashcards
What century is the Romantic Era in?
19th Century
musical ideas or motifs that are identified with a specific country, region, or ethnicity
musical nationalism
self taught musician, anarchist, lived in exile in Switzerland and France because he was banned in Germany
Richard Wagner
Who had a horrible reputation for using patrons, had affairs with several wives of his patrons
Richard Wagner
Composer of the Ring Cycle
Richard Wagner
The patron of Wagner’s music
King Ludwig II of Bavaria (The Mad King)
A special opera house designed by Wagner with the financial support of King Ludwig II. It includes an invisible orchestra pit and stadium style seating.
Bayreuth Opera House
He revived Teutonic stories and legends and wrote the music as well as the librettos for his operas.
Richard Wagner
Who placed enormous emphasis on the orchestra? (heavy use of brass)
Wagner
Who employed extreme chromaticism, advancing the harmonic language of the romantic era to the point of no return?
Wagner
the synthesis of all the poetic, visual, musical, and romantic art
Gesamtkanstwerk
motive or theme that is associated with a particular character or theme
Leifmotifs
List Wagner’s Operas
Tannhauser, Lohengrin, Die Meistersinger von Nurnburg, The Ring Cycle, Tristan and Isodolde, Parsifal
Characters in Das Rheingold
Rhinemaidens, Nibelung, Gods, Albert
Half Diminished Chord
Tristan Chord
Two main composers of Italian Opera
Verdi and Puccini
A political figure who united city-states of Italy and defied the Austro-Hungarian Empire’s control of Northern Italy as part of the Girabaldi
Verdi
Composer who was open to new trends, relied heavily on his natural melodic gift, used the “Big Guitar Approach”
Verdi
When the entire orchestra sounds as if it were one large accompanying instrument
Big Guitar Approach
List Verdi’s Operas
Nabrucco, Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, Aida, Otello, Falstaff
Characters of La Traviatta (Verdi)
Violetta and Adolfo
His orchestration shows the strong influence of Wagner and Debussy with its rich use of instruments and orchestral colors.
Puccini
List Puccini’s Operas
Madama Butterfly, la Tosca, Turandot, la boheme
Name this Opera: Characters are Mimi and Rodolfo, tragedy, used detailed scale, influences of French impressionism and unforgettable melodies.
la boheme