Test 1 Flashcards
What century is the Romantic Era in?
19th Century
musical ideas or motifs that are identified with a specific country, region, or ethnicity
musical nationalism
self taught musician, anarchist, lived in exile in Switzerland and France because he was banned in Germany
Richard Wagner
Who had a horrible reputation for using patrons, had affairs with several wives of his patrons
Richard Wagner
Composer of the Ring Cycle
Richard Wagner
The patron of Wagner’s music
King Ludwig II of Bavaria (The Mad King)
A special opera house designed by Wagner with the financial support of King Ludwig II. It includes an invisible orchestra pit and stadium style seating.
Bayreuth Opera House
He revived Teutonic stories and legends and wrote the music as well as the librettos for his operas.
Richard Wagner
Who placed enormous emphasis on the orchestra? (heavy use of brass)
Wagner
Who employed extreme chromaticism, advancing the harmonic language of the romantic era to the point of no return?
Wagner
the synthesis of all the poetic, visual, musical, and romantic art
Gesamtkanstwerk
motive or theme that is associated with a particular character or theme
Leifmotifs
List Wagner’s Operas
Tannhauser, Lohengrin, Die Meistersinger von Nurnburg, The Ring Cycle, Tristan and Isodolde, Parsifal
Characters in Das Rheingold
Rhinemaidens, Nibelung, Gods, Albert
Half Diminished Chord
Tristan Chord
Two main composers of Italian Opera
Verdi and Puccini
A political figure who united city-states of Italy and defied the Austro-Hungarian Empire’s control of Northern Italy as part of the Girabaldi
Verdi
Composer who was open to new trends, relied heavily on his natural melodic gift, used the “Big Guitar Approach”
Verdi
When the entire orchestra sounds as if it were one large accompanying instrument
Big Guitar Approach
List Verdi’s Operas
Nabrucco, Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, Aida, Otello, Falstaff
Characters of La Traviatta (Verdi)
Violetta and Adolfo
His orchestration shows the strong influence of Wagner and Debussy with its rich use of instruments and orchestral colors.
Puccini
List Puccini’s Operas
Madama Butterfly, la Tosca, Turandot, la boheme
Name this Opera: Characters are Mimi and Rodolfo, tragedy, used detailed scale, influences of French impressionism and unforgettable melodies.
la boheme
New Opera House built in Paris (1861-1875)
Palais Garnier
Three composers of French Opera
- Charles Gounod
- Camille Saint-Saens
- Jules Massenet
Who composed: Symphony in C, The Pearl Fisherman, L ‘Arlesienne, and Carmen
Georges Bizet
genre credited to Italian composers Leoncavallo and Muscagni
Verismo Opera
distinguished by realistic - sometimes sordid or violent - depictions of contemporary everyday life, life of lower classes, and rejected the historical subjects of Romanticism
Verismo Opera
Born in Hamburg, composed on piano, due to playing in taverns and brothels he was exposed to lots of music, especially dance music.
Johannes Brahms
His music reflects R. Schuman’s style. “FAF” Free But Joyful, represents classical-conservative side of Romantic music, looked at Bach and Renaissance for inspiration
Johannes Brahms
He had bold and new approaches to harmony and timbre, but he was self critical and wanted his music perfectly crafted.
Johannes Brahms
He waited until he was 43 to write his first symphony, he wrote beautiful melodies, harmony, and form.
Johannes Brahms
Who wrote: German Requiem and The Blue Danube Waltz
Johannes Brahms
Who wrote Hungarian Dances that were inspired by listening to gypsy music in cafe’s
Johannes Brahms
character is usually grave and is based on bass-ostinato, written in triple-meter, a common form in the Baroque Era
Chaconne or Passacaglia
Czech Nationalist Composer, director of Conservatory of Music in NY and spent his summers in Spilleville, Iowa
Antonin Dvorak
Who wrote Slavonic Dances? He wrote in his native “Furiants”
Antonin Dvorak
compositions with related thematic material
cyclical form
Who had 9 symphonies that were renumbered in 1960?
Antonin Dvorak
Who renumbered his symphonies when he approached his 9th?
Anton Bruckner
Stylistic Traits of whose Symphonies: classical but borrowed from Wagner, very long, rely heavily on brass, tremolo
Anton Bruckner
Was founded on Feb 25, 1871 to promote French music and to allow young composers to present their music in public.
Societe Nationale de Musique
List three Late Romantic Composers in France
- Cesar Frank
- Camille Saint-Saens
- Gabriel Faure
What were the centers of Russian Music?
St. Petersburg and Moscow
Name two famous churches in Russia
St. Basil’s Cathedral and Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood
Father of Russian art music, famous for his opera, Rusland and Ludmilla
Michael Glinka
His music was the most popular of the Romantic era, highly emotional and dramatic, he had a tragic life, homosexual, and mysterious death
Piotr Ilich Tchaikovsky
Personal patroness of Tchaikovsky’s music
Nadezhda von Meck
Known for: orchestral music, beautiful melodies, wrote for ballet, used sequences, incorporates a Russian melodic sense, favored Viennese classical tradition, loved beauty and suffering
Tchaikovsky
Name three of Tchaikovsky’s ballets
Sleeping Beauty, Nutcracker, Swan Lake
Name the Russian 5
- Mily Balakirev
- Cesar Cui
- Alexander Borodin
- Nidolai Rimsky-Korsakov
- Modest Mussorgsky
Who was a master orchestrator who wrote a treatise on orchestration?
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
The Russian 5 used what in their music
exoticism
A fascination with cultures foreign to Europe
exoticism
Who took lessons from Mily Balakirev and wrote Boris Gudunov
Modest Mussorgsky
Who’s music is extremely progressive and highly influenced French impressionist composers?
Modes Mussorgsky
Who’s opera makes use of Russian Orthodox melodies, orchestral colors and harmonies influenced Debussy. “Basso Profundo” voice
Modest Mussorgsky
What was Mussorgsky’s song cycle called?
Sunless “Four Walls”
Who was a chemist and a composer?
Alexander Borodin
What opera did Borodin never finish?
Prince Igor
