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Environmental Science > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the environment?

A

All living things and nonliving things around us

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2
Q

What is the environment made up of?

A

Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Lithosphere, and Biosphere where all life exists

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3
Q

What is environmental science?

A

Study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us, and how we affect it

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4
Q

What are ecosystem services?

A

Earth’s natural resources provide services to us.

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5
Q

What are the 5 ecosystem services?

A
  1. Purify air and water
  2. Nutrient cycling
  3. climate regulation
  4. Plant pollination
  5. Recycling of waste
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6
Q

What is an ecological footprint?

A

The avg. environmental impact of individuals in global ha.

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7
Q

What are the 5 major causes of environmental problems?

A
  1. Rapid population growth
  2. Unsustainable resource use
  3. Poverty
  4. Market price not reflecting the environmental cost
  5. Inadequate understanding of the environment
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8
Q

What is the scientific method?

A
  1. Observations
  2. Questions
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Predictions
  5. Tests
  6. Results
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9
Q

What is a population?

A

Groups of organisms of the same species which live in the same habitat.

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10
Q

What is a community?

A

populations of different species living and interacting in the same area.

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11
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The environment where an organism lives

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12
Q

Habitat use

A

Not all organisms thrive in the same habitat, this results in non-random patterns of use

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13
Q

What is habitat selection?

A

Organisms actively seek out habitats in which to live

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14
Q

What are habitat requirements?

A

Habitats vary with the body size and needs of a species; Species have different habitats at different times; Species use different criteria to select habitat

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15
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community of different species interacting with one another and their physical environment.

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16
Q

What are abiotic ecosystem components?

A

Atmosphere (troposphere, stratosphere); Geosphere (Lithosphere - crust, upper mantle); Hydrosphere; Biosphere

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17
Q

Biotic ecosystem components

A

Producers, Consumers

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18
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Diversity of ecological entities from all sources

19
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

A variety of genes within a species

20
Q

What is species variation?

A

A variety of species within a habitat or region

21
Q

How is the distribution of population affected?

A

Random, Clumped, Uniform

22
Q

What is sex ratio?

A

Proportion of males to females in a population

23
Q

What is age distribution?

A

The relative number of organisms of each age in a population

24
Q

What is a Type I death rate?

A

Higher death rate at older ages

25
Q

What is a Type II death rate?

A

Same death rate at all ages

26
Q

What is a Type III death rate?

A

Higher death rate at young ages

27
Q

What is biotic potential?

A

The ability to produce offspring

28
Q

What are K-Selected species?

A

Species with long gestation periods, few offspring, high parental care

29
Q

What are R-Selected species?

A

Species that reproduce quickly and offer little to no care for offspring

30
Q

What is evolution?

A

Change in heritable characteristics of populations over successive generations

31
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Traits that enhance survival of populations over successive generations

32
Q

What are the natural selection traits?

A

Organisms struggle to survive; Organisms produce more offspring than can survive

33
Q

What is divergent evolution?

A

Groups of species evolve a variety of different traits

34
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

Non-related species evolve similar traits

35
Q

What is a system?

A

An interconnected set of elements that are organized in a way which achieves something

36
Q

What are elements/components of a system?

A

Measureable things that can be linked together

37
Q

What are proccesses/properties of a system?

A

Elements that change from one form to another

38
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

The state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems

39
Q

What is a feedback loop?

A

A biological occurrence where the output of a system either amplifies the system or inhibits the system.

40
Q

What is matter and energy cycling?

A

Organisms depend on one-way flow of energy through its body.

41
Q

What is the hydrologic cycle?

A

Continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earths surface.

42
Q

What are the 4 impact to the hydrologic cycle?

A
  1. Removal of forests and vegetation
  2. Irrigating agricultural fields
  3. Damming rivers
  4. Air pollutants
43
Q

What are the steps to the carbon cycle?

A
  1. Aerobic respiration of organisms
  2. Photosynthesis
  3. Combustion
  4. Slash/Burn
  5. Diffusion
  6. Decomposition

Environmental Science (1 decks)

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