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ME 320? > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

Study of interactions between organisms and the effects of these interactions on the distribution and abundance of organisms

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2
Q

Resources

A

Materials whose availability may limit population growth

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3
Q

Levels of Ecology

A

Individual, population, species, community, ecosystem

i pass spare poops, ender

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4
Q

How do prey avoid predators

A

Crypsis, deceit, escape responses, mimicry

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5
Q

Commensalism

A

Benefits only one species, usually like a burrow space

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6
Q

Mutualism

A

Helps both species.

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7
Q

Parasites

A

Can interfere with host reproductive cycle and can pass from species to species.

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8
Q

What causes population change

A

survival, birth, death, immigratoin, emigration

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9
Q

Metapopulation

A

Populations connected overall

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10
Q

What affects distribution and abundance of species

A

dispersal of larvae spores adults, competition, predation and herbivory, parisitism, disturbance, and facilitation.

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11
Q

What can enhance species distributions

A

Intermediate disturbance, intermediate predation,

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12
Q

Succession

A

Brings one community from a condition to a different one

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13
Q

Cline

A

geographic change in genetic variants

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14
Q

Scope for Growth

A

Measure of food intake that can be used for growth/reproduction

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15
Q

homeotherms

A

regulate their body temperature, use restriction of circulation, insulation, and countercurrent exchange to reduce heat loss

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16
Q

Poikilotherms

A

Metabolic rate increases with temperature, deal with heat gain by circulation of body fluids and evaporation

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17
Q

Reynold’s number

A

Estimate of relative importance of viscous and inertial forces in a fluid

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18
Q

laminar flow

A

regular

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19
Q

principle of continuity

A

cross sec X velocity is constant

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20
Q

bernoulli principle

A

pressure is inverse to velocity

21
Q

flume

A

a narrow channel on a fish that may help aerodynamics

22
Q

gonochoristic

A

separate sexes in a species

23
Q

Factors affecting fertilization success

A

mode of sperm transfer, volume of gamete production, distance between males and females, water turbulence, timing, and behavior

24
Q

Life history patterns

A

age of first reproduction and how long it will reproduce

25
Q

Anadromous

A

Spawn in freshwater and live in the ocean, common in higher latitudes

26
Q

Diatoms

A

Single-celled phytoplankton that usually have a silica shell and dominate phytoplankton in high latitudes

27
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

Two flagella, somewhat mobile. Dominant phytoplankton in late summer in mid and lower latitudes

28
Q

Coccolithophore

A

Skeleton of calcium carbonate and sporadically dominant throughout the world

29
Q

Copepods

A

Dominant consumers of phytoplankton and other smaller zooplankton

30
Q

Krill

A

Members of crustacean Euphausiacea. Larger than copepods and are important grazers in upwelling systems.

31
Q

Scyphozoa

A

True jellyfish

32
Q

Siphonophores

A

Colonial animals with polyps specialized for different functions.

33
Q

Comb jellies

A

gelatinous, feed with ciliated rows or tentacles

34
Q

Protists

A

Common in plankton and feed on smaller prey like bacteria but can be photosynthetic.

35
Q

Nekton

A

Bigger animals like fish and live at high reynolds number

36
Q

Sephalopods

A

phylum mollusca. Carnivorous. Alter buoyancy with gas content of rigid structure.

37
Q

What are the three functional components of swimming

A

Acceleration, cruising, and maneuvering

38
Q

How do fish get oxygen

A

Countercurrent gas exchange in gills

39
Q

How do bony fish alter buoyancy

A

They have swim bladders

40
Q

Two ways fish feed

A

ram and suction feeding

41
Q

Cetacea

A

Mammalian toothed whales, odontoceti, baleen whales, mysticeti dolphins. Highly streamlined and adapted to full marine existence.

42
Q

Odontocetes

A

Have sophisticated oral communication and social behaviors

43
Q

Mysticetes

A

Have keratinous baleen plates instead of teeth, feed on smaller prey liker crustacean zooplankton and small fish

44
Q

Pinnipeds

A

`Seals, sea lions, and walruses. Lack the fat layers but have hair.

45
Q

Sirenians

A

Manatees, dugongs, and sea cows. Hairless and usually herbivorous

46
Q

Seabirds

A

Penguins, petrels, pelicans, gulls

47
Q

Seabirds how do they mate

A

Monogomous and breed in large colonies

48
Q

What is common in seabirds

A

Territoriality because high quality nestin sites are in short supply

49
Q

Why do seabirds migrate

A

To maximize use of feeding and nesting areas

ME 320? (1 decks)

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