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BIO 141 Lecture > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy is the study of ___.

A

structure

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2
Q

In oxidation reactions, electrons are ___.

A

lost

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3
Q

pH measures the concentration of ___ in a solution.

A

H+

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4
Q

Of the levels and categories of organization listed, which one is larger than the other three?

molecule, cell, atom, organelle

A

cell

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5
Q

Following glycolysis, what are the product of the intermediate step when oxygen is present?

A

?

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6
Q

___ bonds occur through the gain and loss of electrons.

A

Ionic

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7
Q

Movement of glucose molecules from high concentration to low concentration is called ___.

A

diffusion

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8
Q

Cellular respiration produces ___ from organic substrates.

A

ATP

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9
Q

Which type of homeostatic regulation typically occurs first?

A

autoregulation

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10
Q

In the anatomical position, the palms of the hand face ___.

A

anterior

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11
Q

The solution outside of a cell is hypotonic; it has a ___ solute concentration and causes water to move ___ the cell.

A

?

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12
Q

Compounds that go into a chemical reaction are called ___.

A

substrates

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13
Q

An unequal sharing of electrons between two or more atoms results in ___ bond.

A

a polar covalent

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14
Q

The abdomen is ___ to the neck.

A

inferior

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15
Q

Which cavity is not part of the thoracic cavity?

A

vertebral

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16
Q

Changes in the number of electrons in an atom produces ___.

A

?

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17
Q

All of the following are characteristics of living organisms except:

reproduction, acellular, growth, responsiveness

A

acellular

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18
Q

What are the weak attractions between the partially positive hydrogen atoms and the partially negative oxygen atom in a water molecule called?

A

hydrogen bonds

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19
Q

All of the following can increase the rate of a chemical reaction except:

A. reactants that are in a gaseous state
B. increased temperature of reactants
C. reactants that are in a solid state
D. more reactant particles

A

C. reactants that are in a solid state

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20
Q

(T/F) Nonpolar solutes pass through the phospholipid bilayer with the help of a membrane protein.

A

false

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21
Q

Which membrane surrounds most of the digestive viscera in the abdominal cavity?

A

peritoneum

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22
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

A

glucose

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23
Q

What directional term refers to “away from the midline”?

A

lateral

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24
Q

Organic compounds contain ___.

A

carbon bonded to hydrogen

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25
Q

In what form and where do animals store their glucose?

A

glycogen,

liver and skeletal muscles

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26
Q

What is the body’s ability to develop and maintain a relatively stable internal environment?

A

homeostasis

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27
Q

If a patient presents with complaints of abdominal pain in the area of the appendix, in what quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity would they experience pain?

A

RLQ

28
Q

What type of chemical process breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules?

A

catabolic reactions

29
Q

Which electron carriers allow for efficient, controlled release of substrate energy?

A

NAD+ and FAD

30
Q

What class of glucose catabolism requires oxygen and is more productive and efficient?

A

aerobic respiration

31
Q

What type of bonds are relatively weak and break easily in water yielding electrolytes?

A

?

32
Q

Cations have ___ electrons and have a ___ charge.

A

lost,

positive

33
Q

What is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body?

A

metabolism

34
Q

What regional term refers to the cheek?

A

buccal

35
Q

A ___ consists of two or more atoms joined by a chemical bond.

A

molecule

36
Q

(T/F) Polar covalent molecules interact with other nonpolar covalent molecules.

A

false

37
Q

All of the following are characteristics of water except:

A. high vaporization
B. high heat capacity
C. lubrication
D. nonpolar solvent

A

D. nonpolar solvent

38
Q

In dogs, what directional term is synonymous with “posterior”?

A

caudal

39
Q

What type of chemical reactions synthesize larger molecules?

A

anabolic reactions

40
Q

All of the following characteristics of enzymes are true except:

A. do not change shapes
B. speed up a chemical reaction
C. are specific to their substrates
D. are not consumed in the chemical reaction

A

A. do not change shapes

41
Q

All of the following monomers are used in catabolism reactions to generate ATP except:

A. fatty acids
B. amino acids
C. nucleotides
D. glucose

A

?

42
Q

What molecule is the primary energy carrier for cells?

A

ATP

43
Q

(T/F) The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life, and all organisms are composed of one or more cells and all cells arise spontaneously.

A

false

44
Q

What component of the cell contains DNA and controls the activity of the cell?

A

nucleus

45
Q

(T/F) Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are two types of exocytosis.

A

?

46
Q

The electron transport chain is located in what organelle that establishes a concentration gradient?

A

mitochondria

47
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

cytosol

48
Q

What refers to the percentage of solute in a solution?

A

?

49
Q

(T/F) Some membrane proteins can act as enzymes by catalyzing chemical reactions.

A

true

50
Q

In the citric acid cycle, what compound does acetyl CoA combine with to form citrate?

A

oxaloacetate

51
Q

The cell membrane is composed of ___ heads and ___ tails.

A

hydrophilic,

hydrophobic

52
Q

In what type of transport is one substance coupled with the passive transport of a second substance?

A

secondary active transport

53
Q

What is the total amount of ATP produced in aerobic respiration?

A

36-38

54
Q

When sodium is following its concentration gradient, in what direction does it flow?

A

cytosol

55
Q

What is the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

A

oxygen

56
Q

What level of protein structure contains alpha helices and beta pleated sheets?

A

?

57
Q

What type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together found in DNA?

A

hydrogen

58
Q

All of the following make up the endomembrane system except:

A. mitochondrion
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. plasma membrane

A

A. mitochondrion

59
Q

What are the products of glycolysis?

A

2 ATP, pyruvate, NADH

60
Q

(T/F) Kinetic energy is energy in motion.

A

true

61
Q

Of two solutions: solution A pH of 10 and solution B with a pH of 8, which is stronger?

A

solution A

62
Q

What type of fatty acid would be solid at room temperature?

A

saturated fatty acid

63
Q

During what phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope fragment?

A

prophase

64
Q

During protein synthesis, what molecule carries genetic information from DNA?

A

mRNA

65
Q

During what phase of transcription do the transcription factors bind to the promoter near the gene?

A

?

66
Q

What are the non-coding regions of the pre-mRNA known as?

A

introns

67
Q

During translation, what molecule delivers specific amino acids?

A

tRNA

BIO 141 Lecture (7 decks)

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