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Anatomy 1 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Negative Feedback

A

keeping something within a normal range such as a level being too high this will lower or if it is too low it will add to create a balance

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2
Q

Positive Feedback

A

The body is no longer at resting state due to an event such as childbirth or a blood clot, effective once a threshold has been met

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3
Q

Supine

A

Laying on back or face up

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4
Q

Prone

A

laying on stomach or face down

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5
Q

Superior

A

Above

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6
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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7
Q

Anterior/ Ventral

A

Front

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8
Q

Posterial/ Dorsal

A

Back

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9
Q

Proximal

A

limbs closest to center of body

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10
Q

Distal

A

limbs furthest away from body

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11
Q

Medial

A

Middle of body

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12
Q

Lateral

A

closest to sides

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13
Q

Coronal/frontal

A

seperates front and back of body

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14
Q

Horizontal/ Transverse

A

divides top and bottom of body

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15
Q

Sagittal

A

divides left from right of body mid-sagittal is is the middle of body

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16
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

long axis of body; skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sacrum

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17
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones of upper and lower limbs, scapula, clavicle, pelvis,

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18
Q

Function of Bone

A

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, red and white blood cell formation in red marrow cavities and fat storage

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19
Q

Long Bones

A

longer than they are wide; arms, legs, metacarpals, and metatarsals

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20
Q

Short Bones

A

cube shaped bones in wrists carpals and ankle tarsals and seasmoid bones with tendon and patella

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21
Q

Flat Bones

A

thin, flat, or slightly curved, sternum, scapula, ribs and skull bones

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22
Q

Irregular bones

A

complicated shapes, vertebrea and pelvic bones

23
Q

Structure of short, irregular, and flat bones

A

Spongy bone between two layers of compact bones, spongy bone made up of trabeculae that is covered in a membrane called endosteum, the outside of compact bone is covered in a membrane called periosteum

24
Q

Diaphysis

A

tube shaft that forms long axis, thick layer of compact bone surrounds a cavity in the middle called a medullary cavity

25
Q

Epiphysis

A

Bone ends at distal and proximal ends, external compact bone internal spongy bone, articular cartilage covers the articular surfaces, between diaphysis and epiphysis there is an epiphysial plate or line( adults)

26
Q

Periosteum

A

covers external surfaces, outer fibrous layer, sharpeys fibers secure to bone, osteogenic layers in adult bones, many nerve fibers and blood vessels

27
Q

Endosteum

A

connective tissue on internal bone surface, covers trabeculae, lines canals that pass through compact bone, osteogenic cells differentiate into other bone cells

28
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

creates a boundary and decides what to let into body and out of body, sweat etc. line all of the hollow organs digestive tract- what will you absorb from food

29
Q

Charactaristics of Epithelial Tissue

A
  1. Polarity top exposed to outside world and basal surface attached to the underlying tissue
  2. supported by connective tissues
  3. Tightly packed cells held together by protein
  4. Avascualr- no direct blood supply
  5. highly innovated and sensitive- can regenerate rapidly
30
Q

Simple Epithelial

A

single layer of cells

31
Q

Stratified Epithelial

A

two or more layers of cells, shape can change in the different layers

32
Q

squamus

A

flat, nucleai very flattened as well

33
Q

cuboidal

A

cube-shaped, same height and width, nucleai perfect circle, found in glands,

34
Q

columnar

A

column shaped, nucleai shaped like an oval, found in GI tract

35
Q

Stratified Squamus epiphelium

A

tolerates wear and tear due to layers, farther from epidermis more dehydrated they are, keratinized is what makes skin tough, non keratinized can be found in vagina, mouth, and esophagus, not exposed to air

36
Q

4 types of connective tissue

A

connective tissue proper:: Dense and , cartilage, bone, and blood

37
Q

Three charictaristics of connective tissue

A

have an embryonic tissue as their common tissue of origin also called mesenchymal cells- type of stem cell, varying degrees of vascularity, blood supply, and they have an extracellular matrix- most clinically selective tissue, largely non living separating cells

38
Q

Three charictaristics of connective tissue

A

have an embryonic tissue as their common tissue of origin also called mesenchymal cells- type of stem cell, varying degrees of vascularity, blood supply, and they have an extracellular matrix- most clinically selective tissue, largely non living separating cells- can bear weight, withstand tension and endure abuse

39
Q

Ground Substance

A

unstructured material that fills space between cells, diffuses blood between capillaries and cells, and proteoglycans act like a sponge to hold water in ground substance really significant

40
Q

Articulation

A

where two or more bones meet

41
Q

Three classification of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

42
Q

Fibrous joints

A

sutures of skull, syndesmoses- holding ulna and radius, gomphoses- holding teeth in jaw

43
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

synchrondoses and symphysis- pubic and intervertebral discs, synchrondoses is the ephyseal plates

44
Q

Capsular

A

thickened part of fibrous layer, shoulder ligaments

45
Q

Extracapsular

A

outside the capsule such as medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the knees

46
Q

Intracapsular

A

Inside capsule covered by synovial membrane, anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament of the knee

47
Q

Menisci

A

Fibrocartilage separates articular surfaces to
improve “fit” of bone ends, stabilize joint, and
reduce wear and tear

48
Q

Bursae

A

Sacs lined with synovial membrane
• Contain synovial fluid
– Reduce friction where ligaments, muscles,
skin, tendons, or bones rub together

49
Q

Tendon Sheaths

A

Elongated bursa wrapped completely around

tendon subjected to friction

50
Q

MCL, ACL, and Medial meniscus are injured

A

unhappy triad

51
Q

Papillary dermal layer

A

contains dermal papillae- superficial peglike projections that connect epidermis and dermis, loose tissue, Areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels

52
Q

Reticular

A

80% dermal thickness, dense irregular connective tissue, elastic fibers provide stretch-recoil properties, collagen fibers- strength and resiliency, cleavage lines because most collagen fibers parallel to skin surface- important for surgeons

53
Q

ABCD

A

A- asymmetry- two sides of pigmented area do not match
B- Border irregularity, exhibits indentations
C- Color, contains several black, brown, tan, sometimes red or blue
D- Diameter, larger than 6 mm

Anatomy 1 (1 decks)

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